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Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Anaemias (view source)
Revision as of 16:55, 11 April 2022
, 16:55, 11 April 2022→Haemorrhage
===Haemorrhage===
===Haemorrhage===
Any form of spontaneous haemorrhage with no apparent cause may suggest the presence of an underlying coagulopathy. The most common haemorrhagic presentations are:
*'''Epistaxis''' due to disruption or erosion of blood vessels of the nasal cavity by trauma, neoplasia, fungal infection or a foreign body.
*'''Epistaxis''' due to disruption or erosion of blood vessels of the nasal cavity by trauma, neoplasia, fungal infection or a foreign body.
*'''Haematuria''' which may arise due to haemorrhage from any part of the urinary tract, especially the kidney (due to trauma, neoplasia or idiopathic haematuria) and bladder (due to trauma, cystitis, urolithiasis and neoplasia).
*'''Haematuria''' which may arise due to haemorrhage from any part of the urinary tract, especially the kidney (due to trauma, neoplasia or idiopathic haematuria) and bladder (due to trauma, cystitis, urolithiasis and neoplasia).
*'''Immune-mediated disease''' including [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia]] and [[Neonatal Isoerythrolysis]].
*'''Immune-mediated disease''' including [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia]] and [[Neonatal Isoerythrolysis]].
*'''Infectious agents''' including ''[[Babesia|Babesia spp.]]'' in dogs and cattle, ''[[Feline Infectious Anaemia|Mycoplasma haemofelis]]'' in cats, ''[[Leptospira|Leptospira spp.]]'' in various species and ''[[Clostridium haemolyticum]]'' causing redwater fever in cattle.
*'''Infectious agents''' including ''[[Babesia|Babesia spp.]]'' in dogs and cattle, ''[[Feline Infectious Anaemia|Mycoplasma haemofelis]]'' in cats, ''[[Leptospira|Leptospira spp.]]'' in various species and ''[[Clostridium haemolyticum]]'' causing redwater fever in cattle.
*'''Inherited defects of red blood cells enzymes''' including pyruvate kinase (which is occur most commonly in West Highland white terriers) and phosphofructokinase (PFK).
*'''[[Features of regenerative and nonregenerative anaemia|Haemotrophic mycoplasmas]]'''
*'''Inherited defects of red blood cells enzymes''' including pyruvate kinase (which is occur most commonly in West Highland white terriers) and phosphofructokinase (PFK).
*'''[[Features of regenerative and nonregenerative anaemia|Pyruvate Kinase deficiency]]'''
*'''[[Features of regenerative and nonregenerative anaemia|Phosphofructokinase deficiency]]'''
*'''Hypophosphataemia''' which occurs in post-parturient cattle (causing post-parturient haemoglobinuria), with refeeding syndrome and when animals with [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]] are stabilised with insulin.
*'''Hypophosphataemia''' which occurs in post-parturient cattle (causing post-parturient haemoglobinuria), with refeeding syndrome and when animals with [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]] are stabilised with insulin.
*Exposure to '''toxins''' including rape and kale (which contain SMCO radicals) in cattle, onions and garlic in dogs and paracetamol in cats.
*Exposure to '''toxins''' including rape and kale (which contain SMCO radicals) in cattle, onions and garlic in dogs and paracetamol in cats.
==Non-regenerative Anaemia==
==Non-regenerative Anaemia==
The failure to regenerate indicates that there is a failure to produce red blood cells in the bone marrow. Erythrocytes are produced from stem cells in the bone marrow and they then undergo sequential stages of maturation before and after they are released into the circulation.
The failure to regenerate indicates that there is a failure to produce red blood cells in the bone marrow. Erythrocytes are produced from stem cells in the bone marrow and they then undergo sequential stages of maturation before and after they are released into the circulation.
=== [[Features of regenerative and nonregenerative anaemia|Primary Anaemia: Failure of the bone marrow stem cells to produce erythroid cells]] ===
This occurs in the following conditions:
'''[[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia|Pure red cell aplasia]]'''
'''Myelophthisis'''
===Failure of erythrocyte maturation===
'''Myelodysplasia'''
=== Failure of erythrocyte maturation ===
This can occur with:
This can occur with:
*Iron deficiency
*Iron deficiency
*Vitamin B12/folate deficiency
*Vitamin B12/folate deficiency
== References ==
{{Learning
{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Feline Medicine Q&A 08]]
|flashcards = [[Feline Medicine Q&A 08]] |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/equis/Content/Disease/dis01203.asp Anemia]
}}
}}
{{review}}
{{review}}
[[Category:Anaemia|A]]
[[Category:Anaemia|2]]
[[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Horse]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Donkey]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Sheep]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Pig]]
[[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Horse]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Donkey]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Sheep]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Pig]]