Changes

*Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world

*Infects a wide range of host species in different areas of the world

*Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world

Babesiosis has severe effects on cattle production in parts of the world. First of all, it prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where [[Ticks|ticks]] are endemic as well as occurring sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year.

**Prevents European breeds from being successful in tropical regions where [[Ticks|ticks]] are endemic.

**Occurs sporadically in the UK and Ireland causing losses of around £8 million per year

'''Life Cycle'''

=== '''Life Cycle''' ===

*Both [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]] and [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-ovarian]] transmission occurs

Both [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]] and [[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-ovarian]] transmission occurs with each female [[Ticks|tick]] producing 3000 eggs and the [[Ticks|tick]] being the definitive host.

''Babesia'' multiplies in the red blood cells by '''budding''' and it forms 2-4 daughter cells (species dependent).

 

Giemsa blood smears can differentiate between species using 'Difquik' stain.

 

*''Babesia'' multiplies in the red blood cells by '''budding'''

**Forms 2-4 daughter cells (species dependent)

**Giemsa blood smears can differentiate between species using 'Difquik' stain

*''Babesia'' species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells

*''Babesia'' species are either small or large depending on the size of the daughter cells

*Antigen is released which adsorbs onto other red blood cells

*Antigen is released which adsorbs onto other red blood cells

**Causes haemolysis and [[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]]

**Causes haemolysis and [[Pigmentation - Pathology#Haemoglobin|haemoglobin pigmentation]]

**Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever

**Causes haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria and fever

*'''Lower''' incidence of disease

*'''Lower''' incidence of disease

<big>'''[[Babesiosis - Cattle|Cattle Babesiosis]]

<big>'''[[Babesiosis - Cattle|Cattle Babesiosis]]

'''[[Babesiosis - Dogs|Dog Babesiosis]]

'''[[Babesia canis]]'''

'''[[Babesiosis - Small Ruminants|Sheep and Goat Babesiosis]]

**''B. equi'' is the most pathogenic

*Sheep and goats

*''Babesia bovis'' myositis

**Several species

**In cattle

**Little clinical significance

**Infrequent muscle [[Muscle Necrosis|necrosis]]

[[Category:Piroplasmida]]

[[Category:Piroplasmida]]