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Calcium (view source)

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==Introduction==
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== <span></span> [[Category:OpenPages]] Introduction ==
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Calcium is essential for many intracellular and extracellular functions. These include:
 
Calcium is essential for many intracellular and extracellular functions. These include:
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'''Calcitriol''', or '''1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol''' is the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D. It is classified as a steroid hormone and acts to raise blood calcium levels.  
 
'''Calcitriol''', or '''1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol''' is the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D. It is classified as a steroid hormone and acts to raise blood calcium levels.  
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There are two dietary sources of Vitamin D3 -
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There are two dietary sources of Vitamin D3
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1. '''Vitamin D2''' is produced in plants (ergocalciferol).  
 
1. '''Vitamin D2''' is produced in plants (ergocalciferol).  
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There are also slight (insignificant) effects on the kidney and [[Alimentary System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|gastrointestinal tract]].
 
There are also slight (insignificant) effects on the kidney and [[Alimentary System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|gastrointestinal tract]].
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{{Template:Learning
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==Calcium Homeostasis in the Rabbit==
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The blood calcium concentration is not as closely regulated in the rabbit as in other species. Absorption of calcium from the gut is '''independent of metabolic need or vitamin D levels'''. Serum calcium increases in direct proportion to dietary calcium content. High concentrations of 3-4mmol/L are commonly found in rabbits fed calcium-rich diets, such as alfalfa-based diets.
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The primary route of calcium excretion in rabbits is renal, unlike in other species where bile is the primary route of removal. Thus, the '''high urinary excretion''' of calcium may simply reflect the high blood concentrations.
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High calcium levels along with other physiologic or pathologic processes may result in '''urolithiasis''', urine sludge, or metastatic calcification and chronic renal disease, especially if excessive vitamin D is provided.
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Dilution or replacement of alfalfa-based diets might be advisable if problems occur.
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{{Learning
 
|flashcards = [[Calcium_Homeostasis_Flash_Cards_- Anatomy & Physiology|calcium homeostasis]]
 
|flashcards = [[Calcium_Homeostasis_Flash_Cards_- Anatomy & Physiology|calcium homeostasis]]
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[[Small Mammals Q&A 06]]
 
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcitriol)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcitriol publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(%22Vitamin+D%22)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Vitamin D publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(%22calcitonin%22)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcitonin publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(dogs)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in dogs publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(cats)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in cats publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(horses)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in horses publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?start=0&q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(cattle)+&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in cattle publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(sheep)+&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in sheep publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(goats)+&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in goats publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?it=any&q2=homeostasis&q1=calcium&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&occuring1=title&show=all&rowId=1&rowId=2&rowId=3&options1=AND&options2=AND&options3=AND&occuring3=freetext&occuring2=title&publishedend=yyyy&la=any&publishedstart=yyyy&fq=sc:%22ve%22&y=8&x=47 Calcium Homeostasis publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?it=any&q2=serum&q1=calcium&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&occuring1=title&rowId=1&rowId=2&rowId=3&show=all&options1=AND&options2=AND&options3=AND&occuring3=freetext&occuring2=title&publishedend=yyyy&la=any&publishedstart=yyyy&fq=sc:%22ve%22&y=7&x=56 Serum Calcium publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?it=any&q1=Parathyroid+Hormone&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&occuring1=title&show=all&rowId=1&rowId=2&rowId=3&options1=AND&options2=AND&options3=AND&occuring3=freetext&occuring2=freetext&publishedend=yyyy&la=any&publishedstart=yyyy&fq=sc:%22ve%22&y=9&x=63 Parathyroid Hormone publications]
 
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcitriol)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcitriol publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(%22Vitamin+D%22)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Vitamin D publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(%22calcitonin%22)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcitonin publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(dogs)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in dogs publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(cats)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in cats publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(horses)&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in horses publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?start=0&q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(cattle)+&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in cattle publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(sheep)+&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in sheep publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title:(calcium)+AND+od:(goats)+&fq=sc:%22ve%22 Calcium in goats publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?it=any&q2=homeostasis&q1=calcium&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&occuring1=title&show=all&rowId=1&rowId=2&rowId=3&options1=AND&options2=AND&options3=AND&occuring3=freetext&occuring2=title&publishedend=yyyy&la=any&publishedstart=yyyy&fq=sc:%22ve%22&y=8&x=47 Calcium Homeostasis publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?it=any&q2=serum&q1=calcium&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&occuring1=title&rowId=1&rowId=2&rowId=3&show=all&options1=AND&options2=AND&options3=AND&occuring3=freetext&occuring2=title&publishedend=yyyy&la=any&publishedstart=yyyy&fq=sc:%22ve%22&y=7&x=56 Serum Calcium publications]<br>[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?it=any&q1=Parathyroid+Hormone&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&occuring1=title&show=all&rowId=1&rowId=2&rowId=3&options1=AND&options2=AND&options3=AND&occuring3=freetext&occuring2=freetext&publishedend=yyyy&la=any&publishedstart=yyyy&fq=sc:%22ve%22&y=9&x=63 Parathyroid Hormone publications]
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|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2008/20083206581.pdf '''Disorders of calcium regulation in the dog and cat.''' Taboada, J.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 22, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2008, 2008, pp 477-479]
 
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==Links==
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==References==
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[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2008/20083206581.pdf '''Disorders of calcium regulation in the dog and cat.''' Taboada, J.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 22, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2008, 2008, pp 477-479 - '''Full Text Article''']
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Harkness, J. (2010) '''Harkness and Wagner Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents''' ''John Wiley and Sons''
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Cheeke, R. (2010) '''Comparative Animal Nutrition and Metabolism''' ''CABI''
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{{OpenPages}}
 
[[Category:Electrolytes]]
 
[[Category:Electrolytes]]
 
[[Category:Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
[[Category:Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
[[Category:A&P Done]][[Category:Minerals]]
 
[[Category:A&P Done]][[Category:Minerals]]
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