Difference between revisions of "Uterine Inertia"
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Uterine inertia describes the '''failure of the uterus''' to expel a foetus normally and is a common cause of [[Dystocia - Dog & Cat|'''canine and feline dystocia''']]. | Uterine inertia describes the '''failure of the uterus''' to expel a foetus normally and is a common cause of [[Dystocia - Dog & Cat|'''canine and feline dystocia''']]. | ||
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:'''Breed predisposition''' | :'''Breed predisposition''' | ||
:'''Large litter''' overstretching the uterus | :'''Large litter''' overstretching the uterus | ||
| − | :'''Small litter''' not stimulating the uterus enough. Small foetuses cannot apply enough pressure on the uterine wall and cervix to set up the [[Parturition Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Fergusson reflex]]. | + | :'''Small litter''' not stimulating the uterus enough. Small foetuses cannot apply enough pressure on the uterine wall and cervix to set up the [[Parturition Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology#Ferguson Reflex|Fergusson reflex]]. |
:'''Systemic disease''': Obesity and lack of exercise, [[hypocalcaemia]], septicaemia. | :'''Systemic disease''': Obesity and lack of exercise, [[hypocalcaemia]], septicaemia. | ||
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'''Physical examination''' may help identify foetuses in the birth canal. Digital examination of the vagina will also enable the uterine and vaginal tone to be assessed. | '''Physical examination''' may help identify foetuses in the birth canal. Digital examination of the vagina will also enable the uterine and vaginal tone to be assessed. | ||
| − | Lack of a response to pressure per vaginum indicates a '''lack of the Ferguson reflex''' which indicates uterine intertia. | + | Lack of a response to pressure per vaginum indicates a '''lack of the [[Parturition Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology#Ferguson Reflex|Ferguson reflex]]''' which indicates uterine intertia. |
'''Radiography''' can be taken to assess the number and size of foetuses. | '''Radiography''' can be taken to assess the number and size of foetuses. | ||
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Noakes, D. (2001) '''Arthur's Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences'' | Noakes, D. (2001) '''Arthur's Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences'' | ||
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| + | [[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]] | ||
[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]] | [[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 17:24, 2 November 2022
Introduction
Uterine inertia describes the failure of the uterus to expel a foetus normally and is a common cause of canine and feline dystocia.
Uterine inertia can be primary or secondary.
Primary Uterine Inertia
This describes the total or partial absence of contractions to expel a normal foetus through an unobstructed birth canal.
Several causes have been found:
- Breed predisposition
- Large litter overstretching the uterus
- Small litter not stimulating the uterus enough. Small foetuses cannot apply enough pressure on the uterine wall and cervix to set up the Fergusson reflex.
- Systemic disease: Obesity and lack of exercise, hypocalcaemia, septicaemia.
Complete primary uterine inertia occurs if 2nd stage labour does not begin. Partial inertia occurs if the 2nd stage begins but contractions soon fail.
Secondary Uterine Inertia
Uterine muscles become exhausted after prolonged contraction against an obstructing or oversized foetus or during birth of a large litter. There is usually subclinical hypocalcaemia and/or hypoglycaemia.
This can occur in the sow, bitch and guinea pig.
Diagnosis
Physical examination may help identify foetuses in the birth canal. Digital examination of the vagina will also enable the uterine and vaginal tone to be assessed.
Lack of a response to pressure per vaginum indicates a lack of the Ferguson reflex which indicates uterine intertia.
Radiography can be taken to assess the number and size of foetuses.
Ultrasound can help assess foetal viability.
Treatment
If the bitch is in good condition with normal sized puppies and no obstruction, medical treatment can be attempted.
Oxytocin can be administered intramuscularly, repeated at 30 minutes for a maximum of 3 injections.
Calcium gluconate or dextrose solution can also be administered if a suspicion of hypocalcaemia or hypoglycaemia exists.
A caesarean section is indicated if there is no response to the oxytocin, or if the foetuses are too large for a vaginal birth.
See also: Clinical Approach to Dystocia in the Dog and Cat
| Uterine Inertia Learning Resources | |
|---|---|
 Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions |
Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery Q&A 12 |
References
Pasquini, C. (1999) Tschauner's Guide to Small Animal Clinics Sudz Publishing
Slatter, D. (2002) Textbook of small animal surgery Elsevier Health Sciences
Noakes, D. (2001) Arthur's Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics Elsevier Health Sciences
 |
This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing. |
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