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Diaphragm - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
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[[Image:DogThorax.jpg|right|thumb|250px|''Dog Thorax, contents of Thoracic Cavity removed. ©University of Nottingham 2008'']]
==Introduction==
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[[Image:DogThorax.jpg|right|thumb|350px|''Dog Thorax, contents of Thoracic Cavity removed. ©Nottingham 2008'']]
The Diaphragm is a dome-shaped musculotendinous sheet separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It is convex on its cranial surface. In the neutral position between full [[Anatomy and Physiology#Inspiration|inspiration]] and full [[Anatomy and Physiology#Expiration|expiration]], the most cranial part of the diaphragm is in line with the 6th rib.
==Structure==
==Structure==
The muscular part of the diaphragm is peripheral, surrounding the central tendinous area. The muscular part has sections which arise from the xiphoid process of the [[Ribs and Sternum - Anatomy & Physiology|sternum]], [[Spinal Column - Anatomy & Physiology|vertebral column]] and caudal [[Ribs and Sternum - Anatomy & Physiology|ribs]].
==Function==
==Openings within the diaphragm==
The diaphragm has three openings:
:'''Aortic Hiatus''' - the most dorsal opening, contains the aorta, azygous vein and thoracic duct
:'''Oesophageal Hiatus''' - contains the oesophagus, dorsal and ventral vagal trunks
:'''Caval Foramen''' - lies within the central tendinous region of the diaphragm and contains the caudal vena cava. This opening does not allow movement, the diaphragm is fused with the vessel wall.
==Vasculature==
==Function==
During [[Anatomy and Physiology#Inspiration|inspiration]], the diaphragm contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, decreasing its pressure, thus drawing air in. The diaphragm relaxes for [[Anatomy and Physiology#Expiration|expiration]].
==Innervation==
==Innervation==
[[Image:PhrenicNerveDog.jpg|right|thumb|250px|©RVC 2008]]
The diaphragm is supplied by the '''phrenic nerve'''.
==Lymphatics==
==Species differences==
Because of the shorter thorax, the diaphragm is steeper in the '''ruminant''' compared to the '''horse'''. '''Avian''' species do not possess a diaphragm. Air moves in and out of their lungs via [[Avian Respiration - Anatomy & Physiology#Air Sacs|air sacs]].
==Histology==
{{Template:Learning
|videos = [[Video: Lateral view of the feline thorax and abdomen potcast|Lateral view of the feline thorax and abdomen potcast]]<br>[[Video: A guide to the cardiorespiratory examination of small animals|A guide to the cardiorespiratory examination of small animals]]<br>[[Video: Female dog abdomen dissection|Female dog abdomen dissection]]<br>[[Video: Equine left-sided abdominal and thoracic topography dissection|Equine left-sided abdominal and thoracic topography dissection]]<br>[[Video: Equine left-sided abdominal and thoracic topography dissection 2|Equine left-sided abdominal and thoracic topography dissection 2]]
}}
==References==
==Species Differences==
{{citation|initiallast = Dyce|initialfirst = K.M|2last = Sack|2first = W.O|finallast = Wensing|finalfirst = C.J.G|year = 2002|title = Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy|ed =3rd|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}}
==Webinars==
<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/respiratory/webinars/feed</rss>
[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]][[Category:Respiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
[[Category:A&P Done]]