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==Introduction==

|linkpage =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System - Anatomy & Physiology

<p>''Sometimes the term tonsil is used to refer to all [[:Category:Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue|mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)]]. In this article it will specifically deal with tonsils located in the nasopharynx & [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]].''</p>

|linktext =LYMPHORETICULAR & HAEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM (Ant & Phys)

<p>The tonsils are part of the MALT and more specifically the GALT. They are located in the nasopharynx and [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] and form a ring of lymphoid tissue around the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] to protect the openings into the [[Alimentary System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|alimentary]] and [[Cardiorespiratory System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology#Upper Respiratory Tract|respiratory]] systems.</p>

 

|subtext1 =SECONDARY LYMPHOID TISSUE (Ant & Phys)

<p>''Sometimes the term tonsil is used to refer to all mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In this article it will specifically deal with tonsils located in the naso- & oro-pharynx.''</p>

<p>The tonsils are part of the MALT and more specifically the GALT. They are located in the nasopharynx and [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] and form a ring of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx to protect the openings into the [[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|alimentary]] and respiratory systems.</p>

==Structure==

==Structure==

<p>The tonsils are non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue. They have crypts lined with stratified squamous epithelium which are infiltrated with [[Lymphocytes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymphocytes]].</p>

<p>The tonsils are non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue. They have crypts lined with stratified squamous epithelium which are infiltrated with [[Lymphocytes - Introduction|lymphocytes]].</p>

<p>Species being covered here are dog, cat, horse, cattle and pig.</p>

<p>Species being covered here are dog, cat, horse, cattle and pig.</p>

===Pharyngeal===

===Pharyngeal===

===Palatine===

===Palatine===

<p>''In common speech these are “the tonsil"''</p>

<p>''In common speech these are “the tonsil"''</p>

Present all species except the pig and are located dorsally in the lateral walls of [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. In cattle and dogs and cats they are compact and in cattle they project away from oropharynx lumen and in cats and dogs they project towards the lumen. In horses they are diffuse.

Present all species except the pig and are located dorsally in the lateral walls of [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. In cattle and dogs and cats they are compact and in cattle they project away from [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] lumen and in cats and dogs they project towards the lumen. In horses they are diffuse.

===Soft palate===

===Soft palate===

Present in all the species but are the principal tonsils in the pig. Found on the ventral aspect of the [[Soft Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|soft palate]] (roof of [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]).

Present in all the species but are the principal tonsils in the pig. Found on the ventral aspect of the [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] (roof of [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]).

===Tubal===

===Tubal===

Absent in the cat and dog. They are located in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and provide protection to the entrance of the auditory tubes. Compact in cattle and pigs and diffuse in horses.

Absent in the cat and dog. They are located in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and provide protection to the entrance of the auditory tubes. Compact in cattle and pigs and diffuse in horses.

===Lingual===

===Lingual===

Found in varying degrees in all species on floor of [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]].

Found in varying degrees in all species on floor of [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]].

===Paraepiglottic===

===Paraepiglottic===

Present in the pig and are found rostrolateral to epiglottis base.

Present in the pig and are found rostrolateral to [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Epiglottis|epiglottis]] base.

===Histology===

===Histology===

<gallery perrow="3">

<gallery perrow="3">

==Functions==

==Functions==

The tonsils are a [[Secondary Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|secondary lymphoid tissue]] and [[Lymphocytes - Anatomy & Physiology#B cells|B cells]] in the tonsils become committed to synthesise IgA.

The tonsils are a [[:Category:Secondary Lymphoid Tissue|secondary lymphoid tissue]] and [[Lymphocytes#B cells|B cells]] in the tonsils become committed to synthesise [[Immunoglobulin A|IgA]].

==In pathology==

==Links==

 

*[[Actinobacillus species#Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae|Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]] in pigs may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing in on the palatine tonsil

*[[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae|Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]] in pigs may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing in on the palatine tonsil