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Palpable Points - Horse Anatomy (view source)
Revision as of 15:22, 6 January 2023
, 15:22, 6 January 2023no edit summary
==Forelimb==
='''Forelimb'''=
===The Shoulder===
[[File:Points of a horse.jpg|right|500px]]
'''Bones'''
=='''The Shoulder'''==
* Cranial border of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]
'''Skeleton'''
* Dorsal border of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapular cartilage]]
* Cranial border of the scapula
* Spine of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]
* Dorsal border of the scapular cartilage
* Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
* Spine of the scapula
* Deltoid tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
* Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, humerus
* Greater tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
* Deltoid tuberosity, humerus
* Greater tuberosity, humerus
'''Soft Tissue'''
'''Soft Tissue'''
* Supraspinatus and infrapinatus
* Supraspinatus and infrapinatus
For further details see: [[Limb Muscles - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|Equine muscles]]
=='''Antebrachium and Elbow'''==
===Antebrachium and Elbow===
'''Bones'''
'''Bones'''
* Olecranon
* Olecranon
* Lateral epicondyle, humerus
* Lateral epicondyle, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
* Lateral tuberosity, radius
* Lateral tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
* Styloid process, radius
* Styloid process, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
'''Joint'''
'''Joint'''
* Identified between distal humeral epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the radius. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks.
* Identified between distal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humeral]] epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks.
'''Soft tissue'''
'''Soft tissue'''
* Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis
* Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis
For further details see: [[Limb Muscles - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|Equine muscles]]
===Metacarpal region and Carpus===
'''Bones'''
* Medial styloid process of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
* Lateral styloid process of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
* [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|Accessory carpal bone]]
* Medial and lateral [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|splint bones]] and their buttons
'''Joint'''
'''Joint'''
* Radiocarpal joint
* [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|Radiocarpal joint]]
* Carpal canal
* Carpal canal
'''Soft tissue'''
'''Soft tissue'''
* Extensor carpi radialis tendon
* Extensor carpi radialis tendon
* Common digital extensor tendon
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Common digital extensor tendon]]
* Lateral digital extensor tendon
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Lateral digital extensor tendon]]
* Flexor reticulum
* Flexor reticulum
* Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon]]
* Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon]]
* Suspensory ligament
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]]
* Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region
* Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region
* Medial palmar artery
* Medial palmar artery
===Metacarpophalangeal Joint===
=='''Metacarpophalangeal Joint'''==
'''Bones'''
'''Bones'''
* Sagittal ridge of dorsal metacarpus under CDE tendon
* Sagittal ridge of dorsal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|metacarpus]] under [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
* Dorsoproximal margin of proximal phalanx
* Dorsoproximal margin of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]
* Proximal sesamoid bones
* Proximal sesamoid bones
'''Soft tissue'''
'''Soft tissue'''
* Common digital flexor tendon
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Common digital flexor tendon]]
* Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the CDE tendon
* Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
* Lateral digital extensor
* Lateral digital extensor
* Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids
* Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids
* Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids
* Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids
* Suspensory ligament
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]]
* Palmar annular ligament
* Palmar annular ligament
* Palmar pouch of joint
* Palmar pouch of joint
* Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the suspensory ligament and digital flexor tendon
* Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|suspensory ligament]] and digital flexor tendon
===Pastern===
=='''Pastern'''==
'''Bones'''
'''Bones'''
* Epicondyles of distal proximal phalanx and palmar processes of proximal middle phalanx show the site of the joint
* Epicondyles of distal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] and palmar processes of proximal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] show the site of the joint
'''Soft tissue'''
'''Soft tissue'''
* Dorsal pouch of distal interphalangeal joint
* Dorsal pouch of [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Distal Interphalangeal (Coffin) Joint|distal interphalangeal joint]]
* Collateral cartilage
* Collateral cartilage
* Extensor slips from suspensory ligament attaching to the CDE tendon
* Extensor slips from [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]] attaching to the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
* Widening of common digital extensor tendon
* Widening of [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
* Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of middle phalanx
* Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]
* Flexor tendons
* [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|flexor tendons]]
* Digital arteries
* Digital arteries
===Foot===
=='''Foot'''==
* Coronary band and periople
* Coronary band and periople
* Heel
* Heel
* Wall of hoof
* Wall of hoof
For further details see: [[Hoof - Horse Anatomy|equine hoof]]
==Hindlimb==
===Thigh and Hindquarters===
'''Bones'''
* Tuber coxae
* Greater trochanter of the femur
* Third trochanter of the femur
* Medial troclear ridge of the femur
'''Soft tissue'''
* Semimembranosus
* Semitendinosus
* Biceps femoris
* Quadriceps
* Gluteals
* Tensor fascia latae
===Crus and Stifle===
'''Bones'''
* Lateral condyle of tibia
* Lateral malleolus of tibia
* Tibial crest
* Patella
'''Joints'''
* Femeropatellar joint
* Femerotibial joint
'''Soft tissue'''
* Cranial tibial
* Long and lateral digital extensor muscles
* Gastrocnemius
* Deep digital flexor muscle
* Patellar ligaments
* Quadriceps
* Combined tendon of fibularis tertius and long digital extensor
* Lateral and medial collateral ligaments
* Medial menisci
* Popliteal tendon
===Hock===
'''Bones'''
* Lateral and medial malleolus of the tibia
* Trochlea of the talus
* Sustentaculum tali
* Heads of the splint bones
'''Joints'''
* Tarsocrural joint
* Proximal intertarsal joint
* Distal intertarsal joint
* Tarsometatarsal joint
'''Soft tissue'''
* Cranial tibial
* Peroneus tertius
* Long digital extensor
* Lateral digital extensor
* Lateral collateral ligaments
* Saphenous vein
* Medial collateral ligaments of tarsocrural joint
* Cunean tendon
* Achilles tendon - SDFT, gastrocnemius, deep tarsal ligaments
* Calcaneal bursa
* Plantar ligament of calcaneus
=='''Metatarsal Region'''==
'''Bones'''
* Splint bones
'''Soft tissue'''
* Long digital extensor tendon
* Lateral digital extensor tendon
* Lateral and medial palmar artery
* Suspensory ligament
* Flexor tendons
===Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Foot===
* As for forelimb
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