Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Spindle cells are of '''mesenchymal origin''', and form the body's connective tissue, fat, muscle, bone, cartilage and blood vessels.  

Spindle cells are of '''mesenchymal origin''', and form the body's connective tissue, fat, muscle, bone, cartilage and blood vessels.  

Spindle cell tumours can be benign or malignant, and will arise from these different cell lines.

 

Spindle cell tumours can be '''benign (suffix -oma)''' or '''malignant (suffix -sarcoma)''', and will arise from these different cell lines.

It can be '''difficult to differentiate''' between the different forms of spindle cell tumours, and also to distinguish between spindle cell neoplasia and a fibroplastic spindle cell proliferative response.

It can be '''difficult to differentiate''' between the different forms of spindle cell tumours, and also to distinguish between spindle cell neoplasia and a fibroplastic spindle cell proliferative response.

===Connective tissue tumours===

'''Connective tissue tumours'''

[[Fibroma]] and [[Fibrosarcoma]]

:[[Fibroma]] and [[Fibrosarcoma]]

 

:Myxoma and myxosarcoma

Myxoma and myxosarcoma

===Tumours of fat===

'''Tumours of fat'''

[[Lipoma]] and liposarcoma

:[[Lipoma]] and liposarcoma

===Tumours of muscle===

'''Tumours of muscle'''

[[Leiomyoma]] and leiomyosarcoma

:[[Leiomyoma]] and leiomyosarcoma

===Tumours of the blood vessel endothelium===

'''Tumours of the blood vessel endothelium'''

[[Haemangioma]] and [[Haemangiosarcoma]]

:[[Haemangioma]] and [[Haemangiosarcoma]]

===Tumours of the lymphatics===

'''Tumours of the lymphatics'''

Lymphangioma and lymphangiosarcoma

:Lymphangioma and lymphangiosarcoma

===Other tumours===

'''Other tumours'''

[[Haemangiopericytoma]] and [[Peripheral Nerve Tumours|Schwannoma]]

:[[Haemangiopericytoma]] and [[Peripheral Nerve Tumours|Schwannoma]]

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

Generally spindle cell tumours '''do not exfoliate well''', although exception exist.

Generally spindle cell tumours '''do not exfoliate well''', although exceptions exist.

On '''cytological examination''': cells are individual rather than adherent, fusiform, and with indistinct cell borders. Nuclei are often fusiform as well and cytoplasmic tails may fade into the background. It may be possible to determine the tissue of origin if there is evidence of collagen, cartilage, bone, fat or myxomatous material formation by the tumour cells.

On '''cytological examination''': cells are individual rather than adherent, fusiform, and with indistinct cell borders. Nuclei are often fusiform as well and cytoplasmic tails may fade into the background. It may be possible to determine the tissue of origin if there is evidence of collagen, cartilage, bone, fat or myxomatous material formation by the tumour cells.

Common cytological findings for '''benign''' spindle cell tumours include: small spindle-shaped cells, small nuclei, minimal anisocytosis.

Common cytological findings for '''benign''' spindle cell tumours include: small spindle-shaped cells, small nuclei, minimal anisocytosis.

Cyological findings for '''soft tissue sarcomas''' include:

Cyological findings for '''sarcomas''' include:

:large, plump spindle cells

:large, plump spindle cells

:large nuclei and prominent nucleoli

:large nuclei and prominent nucleoli

A '''biopsy and histopathology''' are usually necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

A '''biopsy and histopathology''' are usually necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

==Treatment and prognosis==

==Treatment and Prognosis==

'''Benign forms''' are usually well circumscribed and can be surgically removed with an '''excellent prognosis'''.

'''Benign forms''' are usually well circumscribed and can be surgically removed with an '''excellent prognosis'''.

'''Malignant forms''' are often '''highly infiltrative and locally aggressive''', with a high likelihood of '''recurrence'''. '''Wide surgical excision''' is the treatment of choice.

'''Sarcomas''' are often '''highly infiltrative and locally aggressive''', with a high likelihood of '''recurrence'''. '''Wide surgical excision''' is the treatment of choice.

They metastasise rarely (apart from [[Haemangiosarcoma|haemangiosarcomas]]).

They metastasise rarely (apart from [[Haemangiosarcoma|haemangiosarcomas]]).

{{Learning

{{Learning

|flashcards = [[Cytology Q&A 4]]

|flashcards = [[Cytology Q&A 04]]<br>[[Cytology Q&A 17]]

}}

}}

Freeman, K. (2007) '''Self-assessment colour review of Veterinary Cytology''' ''Manson Publishing''

Freeman, K. (2007) '''Self-assessment colour review of Veterinary Cytology''' ''Manson Publishing''

[[Category:To Do - Helen]]

 

[[Category:To Do - Review]]

 

 

[[Category:Neoplasia]]

[[Category:Expert Review]]