Difference between revisions of "Guinea Pig Reproduction - Anatomy & Physiology"

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==  Male ==
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<big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big>
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The male guinea pig is known as the Boar. The genital organs consist of the testes, accessory sex glands and the perianal & caudal glands.  The perineal sacs are present in both sexes, but are more extensive in the male.  They lie on either side of the anus and contain extensive caseous secretions, hair and skin debris.
 
  
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[[Image:Reproductive Tract Male Guinea Pig.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Anatomy of the Male Guinea Pig</p><sup> © L.Wilkie 2008</sup>]]
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<big><center>[[Reproductive_System#Small_Domestic_Mammals|'''BACK TO SMALL DOMESTIC MAMMALS''']]</center></big>
  
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=== Penis ===
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== Male ==
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* Known as the Boar.
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== Penis==
  
 
* Os penis  
 
* Os penis  
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** Evert externally during erection of the penis.
 
** Evert externally during erection of the penis.
  
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== Testes ==
  
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=== Testes ===
 
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* Two testes
 
* Two testes
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* Epididymis lies along the dorsolateral margin and has large fat bodies associated with its head and tail.
 
 
* Inguinal canal remains open throughout life.
 
* Inguinal canal remains open throughout life.
 
* In mature, breeding boars the large testes lie in the scrotum either side of the genital opening.
 
* In mature, breeding boars the large testes lie in the scrotum either side of the genital opening.
  
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=== Accessory Glands ===
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The guinea pig has several accessory glands.
 
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==== Vesicular glands ====
 
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* Large, yellow-white vermiform sacs lying in the caudal peritoneal cavity dorsal to the bladder and extending cranially into the abdomen.
 
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* They are long and coiled in appearance, filled with semi-solid seminal secretions.
 
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==== Prostate gland ====
 
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* Lies close to the base of the vesicular glands.
 
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==== Coagulating glands ====
 
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* Lie close to the base of the vesicular glands.
 
  
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== Accessory Glands==
  
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==== Bulbourethral glands ====
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* Several accessory glands
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** '''Vesicular glands''': long and coiled
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** '''Prostate gland'''
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** '''Coagulating glands'''
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** '''Bulbourethral glands'''
  
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* Oval, paired glands which lie close to the urethra at the ischial arch.
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=== Mammary Gland ===
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== Mammary Gland ==
  
 
* Pair of long inguinal nipples.
 
* Pair of long inguinal nipples.
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* Mammary glands rudimentary.
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=== Sexual Maturity ===
 
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* Puberty occurs at 3 months.
 
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* Will show mounting behaviour from 1 month.
 
  
 
== Female ==
 
== Female ==
  
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The female guinea pig is known as the Sow.
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* Membrane covers [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vaginal]] opening except at oestrus and during [[Reproductive_System#Parturition|parturition]].
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* Long [[Reproductive_System#Gestation|gestation]] period: 59-72 days (depending on litter size)
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=== Reproductive Tract ===
 
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[[Image:Reproductive Tract Female Guinea Pig.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Anatomy of the Female Guinea Pig</p><sup> © L.Wilkie 2008</sup>]]
 
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==== Ovary ====
 
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* [[Ovary - Anatomy & Physiology|Ovaries]] are located caudolateral to the [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|kidneys]] supported by a short mesovarium.
 
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** Main blood supply to the [[Ovary - Anatomy & Physiology|ovary]] is via the uterine artery.
 
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==== Oviduct ====
 
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* [[Oviduct - Anatomy & Physiology|Oviduct]] lies in close contact with the ovarian bursa.
 
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==== Uterus ====
 
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* [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology#Anatomical_Types_of_Uteri|Bicornate uterus]]
 
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** Two uterine horns
 
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** Single [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]]
 
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** Single [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]]
 
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*** Membrane covers [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vaginal]] opening except at oestrus and during [[Normal Parturition - Anatomy & Physiology|parturition]].
 
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==== Attachments and Blood Supply ====
 
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* Broad ligament (mesovarium, mesosalpinx and mesometrium) contains a lot of fat.
 
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* Anastamoses between the uterine and ovarian arteries occurs in the mesentery.
 
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=== Sexual Maturity ===
 
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* Puberty occurs at 3 months.
 
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* However, pregnancy has been known to occur at as early as 4-5 weeks.
 
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=== Oestrous Cyclicity ===
 
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* Polyoestrous
 
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* Spontaneous [[Ovulation - Anatomy & Physiology|ovulator]]
 
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* [[Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology|Oestrous cycle]] length:15-16 days
 
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=== Gestation and Offspring ===
 
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==== Gestation ====
 
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* Long gestation period: 59-72 days (depending on litter size)
 
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* [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|Placenta]] is haemochorial
 
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* Receive all maternal antibodies through the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]], not the [[Milk Composition and Biosynthesis- Anatomy & Physiology#Colostrum|Colostrum]]
 
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* [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|Placenta]] eaten by the dam and other guinea pigs after [[Normal Parturition - Anatomy & Physiology|parturition]].
 
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==== Litter ====
 
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* Litter size: 1-6
 
* Litter size: 1-6
 
** Precocious offspring
 
** Precocious offspring
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*** Fully furred at birth
 
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*** Eyes open
 
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*** Able to eat solid food as well as suckle from the mother.
 
 
*** Weaned at 3 weeks.
 
*** Weaned at 3 weeks.
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* No nest
 
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=== Mammary Gland and Lactation ===
 
  
 
* Pair of long inguinal nipples.
 
* Pair of long inguinal nipples.
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* Divided into fine lobules, which open via a number of small ducts into one large duct to the exterior.
 
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* Two teats
 
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* Composition: 4% Fat, 8% Protein, 3% [[Milk Composition and Biosynthesis- Anatomy & Physiology#Carbohydrate:Lactose|Lactose]]
 
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[[Category:Small Mammal Reproduction]]
 
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[[Category:Bullet Points]]
 

Revision as of 13:37, 18 July 2008

BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
BACK TO SMALL DOMESTIC MAMMALS


Male

  • Known as the Boar.

Penis

  • Os penis
  • Caudoventral to the urethral opening is a pouch containing two horny styles (projections).
    • Evert externally during erection of the penis.

Testes

  • Two testes
  • Inguinal canal remains open throughout life.
  • In mature, breeding boars the large testes lie in the scrotum either side of the genital opening.

Accessory Glands

  • Several accessory glands
    • Vesicular glands: long and coiled
    • Prostate gland
    • Coagulating glands
    • Bulbourethral glands

Mammary Gland

  • Pair of long inguinal nipples.

Female

  • Membrane covers vaginal opening except at oestrus and during parturition.
  • Long gestation period: 59-72 days (depending on litter size)
  • Litter size: 1-6
    • Precocious offspring
      • Weaned at 3 weeks.
  • Pair of long inguinal nipples.
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