Changes

*Commensal flora competitively inhibit attachment of pathogens to enterocytes in addition to competing for nutrition and substrates.  Many also produce inhibitory growth substances that are toxic to other bacteria (McGavin and Zachary, 2007).

*Commensal flora competitively inhibit attachment of pathogens to enterocytes in addition to competing for nutrition and substrates.  Many also produce inhibitory growth substances that are toxic to other bacteria (McGavin and Zachary, 2007).

''Movement''

''Movement''

*Continuous peristalsis discourages persistence of toxins and aids in their elimination from the gut.   

*Continuous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristalsis| peristalsis] discourages persistence of toxins and aids in their elimination from the gut.   

''Cell-mediated and humoural defences''

''Cell-mediated and humoural defences''

*The lamina propria contains macrophages, B and T lymphocytes, plasma cells, and [[Mast cells - Anatomy & Physiology|mast cells]].

*The lamina propria contains macrophages, B and T lymphocytes, plasma cells, and [[Mast cells - Anatomy & Physiology|mast cells]].

*Lymphoid aggregates known as [[Peyer's Patches - Anatomy & Physiology|Peyer's patches]] within the small intestine aid in immunity.

*Lymphoid aggregates known as [[Peyer's Patches - Anatomy & Physiology|Peyer's patches]] within the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] aid in immunity.

*Secretory IgA and IgM provide humoural immunity and help prevent attachment of pathogens to the intestinal epithelium.

*Secretory IgA and IgM provide humoural immunity and help prevent attachment of pathogens to the intestinal epithelium.

*Lysozyme from Paneth cells inhibits bacterial growth (McGavin & Zachary, 2007).

*Lysozyme from Paneth cells inhibits bacterial growth (McGavin & Zachary, 2007).