Difference between revisions of "Ferret Reproduction - Anatomy & Physiology"

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== MALE ==
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<big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Reproductive_System#Small_Domestic_Mammals|'''BACK TO SMALL DOMESTIC MAMMALS''']]</center></big>
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 +
 
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= MALE =
  
 
* Male is known as the Hob.
 
* Male is known as the Hob.
  
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=== Penis===
 
  
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* J-shaped os penis lies within the caudal section of the penis dorsal to the penile urethra.
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== Penis==
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** Makes catheterization difficult.
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 +
* J-shapes os penis lies within the caudal section of the penis dorsal to the penile urethra.
 
** Supporting bone is the Baculum.
 
** Supporting bone is the Baculum.
 
* Penis points cranially.
 
* Penis points cranially.
 
* Opening of the prepuce is on the ventral abdomen.
 
* Opening of the prepuce is on the ventral abdomen.
  
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=== Testes ===
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== Testes ==
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==== Introduction ====
 
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Two testes are carried externally in the scrotum. Once testes have descended, the inguinal canal closes and they are not able to be retracted. Spermatogenic activity increases within the semniferous tubules of the testes from December-July. Testes become noticeably enlarged in preparation for the breeding season (March-August).
 
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==== Structural Anatomy ====
 
  
 +
* Two testes carried externally in the scrotum.
 +
* Sexual maturity is usually reached during the first spring after birth at about 4-8 months of age.
 +
* Once testes have descended, the inguinal canal closes and they are not able to be retracted.
 +
* Spermatogenic activity increases within the semniferous tubules of the testes from December-July.
 +
** Testes become noticeably enlarged in preparation for the breeding season (March-August).
 
* Epididymis is composed of a mass of convoluted spermatic duct.
 
* Epididymis is composed of a mass of convoluted spermatic duct.
 
** Divided into head, body and tail on the dorsal aspect of the testis as it lies in the scrotal sac.
 
** Divided into head, body and tail on the dorsal aspect of the testis as it lies in the scrotal sac.
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** Passes cranially on the dorsal aspect of the testes as the ductus deferens.
 
** Passes cranially on the dorsal aspect of the testes as the ductus deferens.
 
*** Medial to the body of the epididymis.
 
*** Medial to the body of the epididymis.
 +
* Ductus deferens is accompanied by the deferent artery.
  
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==== Blood Supply, Nerves and Lymphatics ====
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== Accessory Glands ==
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* Ductus deferens is accompanied by the deferent artery and vein.
 
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** With the [[PNS Structure - Anatomy & Physiology|nerves]] and [[Lymphatic_Vessels_- Anatomy & Physiology|lymphatic vessels]], form the spermatic cord.
 
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* Spermatic cord passes cranially to the inguinal canal into the abdomen.
 
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* Testicular artery then splits off from the spermatic cord.
 
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* Spermatic cord continues, looping over the urethra through the prostate gland.
 
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==== Histology ====
 
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* Testes, blood vessels, [[PNS Structure - Anatomy & Physiology|nerves]], [[Lymphatic_Vessels_- Anatomy & Physiology|lymphatics]] and ductus deferens are wrapped in a pouch of peritoneum called the Vaginal Sac.
 
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** Extends through the inguinal canal in development prior to testicular descent.
 
−
 
 
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==== Accessory Glands ====
 
  
 
* The only accessory sex gland is the '''prostate gland'''.
 
* The only accessory sex gland is the '''prostate gland'''.
 
** A fusiform enlargement around the proximal part of the urethra at the neck of the bladder.
 
** A fusiform enlargement around the proximal part of the urethra at the neck of the bladder.
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** Adds elements to the seminal fluid.
 
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** Not very distinct in the young ferret.
 
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* At the level of the prostate, the ductus deferens from each side opens into the urethra.
 
  
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==== Puberty and Sexual Maturity ====
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 +
== Puberty and Sexual Maturity ==
  
 
* Males mate the year after they are born.
 
* Males mate the year after they are born.
  
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== FEMALE ==
 
  
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* Known as the Jill.
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----
  
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=== Reproductive Tract ===
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= FEMALE =
  
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==== Ovary ====
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* Known as the Jill.
  
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* Left [[Ovary - Anatomy & Physiology|ovary]] lies caudal to the middle of the 14th [[Musculoskeletal_System Overview_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ribs_and_Sternum|rib]] and caudal to the left [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|kidney]].
 
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* Right [[Ovary - Anatomy & Physiology|ovary]] is caudal to the middle of the last [[Musculoskeletal_System Overview_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ribs_and_Sternum|rib]] (15th) and caudal to the right [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|kidney]].
 
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* [[Ovary - Anatomy & Physiology|Ovaries]] are suspended by ligaments from the abdominal wall.
 
  
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==== Uterus ====
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== Reproductive Tract ==
  
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* [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology#Anatomical_Types_of_Uteri|Bicornuate uterus]]
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* [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Anatomical_Types_of_Uteri|Bicornuate uterus]]
 
** Long uterine horns
 
** Long uterine horns
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** Small Uterine Body
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** No uterine body.
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* Blood supply is from the ovarian and uterine arteries and veins.
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* Vulva lies on the perineum, ventral to the [[Anus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|anus]].
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* Sympathetic innervation from the aortic and renal plexuses.
 
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==== Vulva ====
 
−
 
 
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* Vulva lies on the perineum, ventral to the [[Anus_- Anatomy & Physiology|anus]].
 
 
** During the non-breeding season, it is small and slit-like.
 
** During the non-breeding season, it is small and slit-like.
 
** During oestrus it becomes swollen and resembles a small doughnut.
 
** During oestrus it becomes swollen and resembles a small doughnut.
  
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=== Puberty and Sexual Maturity ===
+
 
 +
== Puberty and Sexual Maturity ==
  
 
* Sexually mature at 6-8 months of age.
 
* Sexually mature at 6-8 months of age.
 
* Females mate the year after they are born.
 
* Females mate the year after they are born.
  
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=== Oestrous Cyclicity ===
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== Oestrous Cyclicity ==
  
 
* Seasonally polyoestrus
 
* Seasonally polyoestrus
 
** Breeding season is from March for 2-3 months.
 
** Breeding season is from March for 2-3 months.
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*** Long day breeders
 
 
* Oestrus is shown by a swollen, pink vulva which regresses 2-3 weeks after mating.
 
* Oestrus is shown by a swollen, pink vulva which regresses 2-3 weeks after mating.
 
* Induced ovulator
 
* Induced ovulator
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** If mated, [[Ovulation - Anatomy & Physiology|ovulation]] occurs within 30-40 hours of coitus.
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** If mated, [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|ovulation]] occurs within 30-40 hours of coitus.
 
** If not mated, may remain in continual oestrus for up to ~4 months.
 
** If not mated, may remain in continual oestrus for up to ~4 months.
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*** Unmated jills can die from postoestrus non-regenerative anaemia.
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*** Unmated jills can die from postoestrus anaemia.
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*** Continual stimulation of oestrogen to the [[Ovary - Anatomy & Physiology|ovaries]], leading to hyperoestrogenism.
 
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*** Excess oestrogen supresses [[Bone_Marrow_- Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]] activity.
 
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*** Symptoms include swollen vulva, allopecia and anaemia.
 
  
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=== Copulation ===
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== Copulation ==
  
 
* Initiated on the 14th day after the onset of vulval swelling.
 
* Initiated on the 14th day after the onset of vulval swelling.
  
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=== Gestation and Offspring ===
 
  
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=== Gestation ===
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== Gestation and Offspring ==
−
 
 
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* Gestation period is 42 days.
 
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* Placenta is zonary.
 
−
 
 
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==== Litter ====
 
  
 +
* [[Reproductive_System#Gestation|Gestation]] period is 42 days.
 +
* [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-Placenta_Classification_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Placenta]] is zonary
 
* Average litter 8-10 kits, but can be as large as 18.
 
* Average litter 8-10 kits, but can be as large as 18.
 
** Kits can hear from 32 days.
 
** Kits can hear from 32 days.
 
** Eyes open at 4-5 weeks.
 
** Eyes open at 4-5 weeks.
 
** Weaned at 6-8 weeks.
 
** Weaned at 6-8 weeks.
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[[Category:Small Mammal Reproduction]]
 
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[[Category:Bullet Points]]
 

Revision as of 08:07, 23 July 2008

BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
BACK TO SMALL DOMESTIC MAMMALS


MALE

  • Male is known as the Hob.


Penis

  • J-shapes os penis lies within the caudal section of the penis dorsal to the penile urethra.
    • Supporting bone is the Baculum.
  • Penis points cranially.
  • Opening of the prepuce is on the ventral abdomen.

Testes

  • Two testes carried externally in the scrotum.
  • Sexual maturity is usually reached during the first spring after birth at about 4-8 months of age.
  • Once testes have descended, the inguinal canal closes and they are not able to be retracted.
  • Spermatogenic activity increases within the semniferous tubules of the testes from December-July.
    • Testes become noticeably enlarged in preparation for the breeding season (March-August).
  • Epididymis is composed of a mass of convoluted spermatic duct.
    • Divided into head, body and tail on the dorsal aspect of the testis as it lies in the scrotal sac.
    • Head of the epididymis receives efferent ducts as they leave the testes at the cranial pole.
    • Body of the epididymis has the main mass of the convoluting spermatic duct, which passes to the tail of the epididymis at the caudal pole of the testes.
  • Spermatic duct is a simple duct to the tail of the epididymis.
    • Passes cranially on the dorsal aspect of the testes as the ductus deferens.
      • Medial to the body of the epididymis.
  • Ductus deferens is accompanied by the deferent artery.

Accessory Glands

  • The only accessory sex gland is the prostate gland.
    • A fusiform enlargement around the proximal part of the urethra at the neck of the bladder.


Puberty and Sexual Maturity

  • Males mate the year after they are born.


FEMALE

  • Known as the Jill.


Reproductive Tract

  • Bicornuate uterus
    • Long uterine horns
    • No uterine body.
  • Vulva lies on the perineum, ventral to the anus.
    • During the non-breeding season, it is small and slit-like.
    • During oestrus it becomes swollen and resembles a small doughnut.


Puberty and Sexual Maturity

  • Sexually mature at 6-8 months of age.
  • Females mate the year after they are born.

Oestrous Cyclicity

  • Seasonally polyoestrus
    • Breeding season is from March for 2-3 months.
  • Oestrus is shown by a swollen, pink vulva which regresses 2-3 weeks after mating.
  • Induced ovulator
    • If mated, ovulation occurs within 30-40 hours of coitus.
    • If not mated, may remain in continual oestrus for up to ~4 months.
      • Unmated jills can die from postoestrus anaemia.

Copulation

  • Initiated on the 14th day after the onset of vulval swelling.


Gestation and Offspring

  • Gestation period is 42 days.
  • Placenta is zonary
  • Average litter 8-10 kits, but can be as large as 18.
    • Kits can hear from 32 days.
    • Eyes open at 4-5 weeks.
    • Weaned at 6-8 weeks.
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