Difference between revisions of "Hamster Reproduction - Anatomy & Physiology"

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== Male ==
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<big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Reproductive_System#Small_Domestic_Mammals|'''BACK TO SMALL DOMESTIC MAMMALS''']]</center></big>
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= Male =
  
 
The anogenital distance is longer in the male, which has a more prominent genital papilla.
 
The anogenital distance is longer in the male, which has a more prominent genital papilla.
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=== Penis ===
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== Penis ==
  
 
* Os penis lies within the tissue of the penis.
 
* Os penis lies within the tissue of the penis.
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*** Baculum consists of two lateral prongs and a dorsal prong.
 
*** Baculum consists of two lateral prongs and a dorsal prong.
  
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=== Testes===
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== Testes==
  
 
* Two large testes in an external scrotum.
 
* Two large testes in an external scrotum.
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** Testes remain internal.
 
** Testes remain internal.
  
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=== Accessory Sex Glands ===
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== Accessory Sex Glands ==
  
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* Several large [[Accessory Sex Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|accessory glands]] including:
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* Several large [[Male_Reproductive_Tract_-Accessory_Sex_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|accessory glands]] including:
 
** Ampulla Glands
 
** Ampulla Glands
 
** Seminal Vesicles
 
** Seminal Vesicles
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* Scent gland on each flank to mark territory.
 
* Scent gland on each flank to mark territory.
  
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=== Mammary Gland===
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== Mammary Gland==
  
 
* Teats are absent.
 
* Teats are absent.
  
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== Female ==
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----
  
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=== Reproductive Tract ===
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= Female =
  
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==== Ovary ====
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== Reproductive Tract ==
  
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* [[Ovary - Anatomy & Physiology|Ovaries]] are oval in shape, situated dorsolateral to the kidneys.
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=== Ovary ===
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* [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Ovary_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Ovaries]] are oval in shape, situated dorsolateral to the kidneys.
 
** Completely enclosed in a fat-filled ovarian bursa.
 
** Completely enclosed in a fat-filled ovarian bursa.
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** Uterine artery provides a major blood supply to the [[Ovary - Anatomy & Physiology|ovary]].
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** Uterine artery provides a major blood supply to the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Ovary_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|ovary]].
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** Coils of the ovarian and uterine arteries anastoamose close to the [[Ovary - Anatomy & Physiology|ovary]].
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** Coils of the ovarian and uterine arteries anastoamose close to the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Ovary_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|ovary]].
  
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==== Oviduct ====
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=== Oviduct ===
  
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* [[Oviduct - Anatomy & Physiology|Oviduct]] is long and tighly coiled.
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* [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Oviduct_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Oviduct]] is long and tighly coiled.
  
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==== Uterus ====
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=== Uterus ===
  
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* [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology#Anatomical_Types_of_Uteri|Duplex Uterus]]
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* [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Anatomical_Types_of_Uteri|Duplex Uterus]]
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** Two seperate [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervices]].
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** Two seperate [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervices]].
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** Uterine horns remain divided until uniting in a single [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]].
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** Uterine horns remain divided until uniting in a single [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]].
  
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==== Vagina ====
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=== Vagina ===
  
 
* The urinary opening is cranial and the anus is caudal with the vaginal opening in between.
 
* The urinary opening is cranial and the anus is caudal with the vaginal opening in between.
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* [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|Vagina]] has a pair of vaginal pouches.
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* [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Vagina]] has a pair of vaginal pouches.
 
** Extend caudally, terminating at the level of the vaginal orifice.
 
** Extend caudally, terminating at the level of the vaginal orifice.
  
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=== Oestrous Cyclicity ===
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== Oestrous Cyclicity ==
  
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* Spontaneous [[Ovulation - Anatomy & Physiology|ovulator]].
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* Spontaneous [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|ovulator]].
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** [[Ovulation - Anatomy & Physiology|Ovulation]] occurs ~ 12 hours after the LH surge, usually resulting in the release of ova at night (hamsters are nocturnal).
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** [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|Ovulation]] occurs ~ 12 hours after the LH surge, usually resulting in the release of ova at night (hamsters are nocturnal).
 
* Seasonally polyoestrus
 
* Seasonally polyoestrus
 
* Oestrus every 5-7 days
 
* Oestrus every 5-7 days
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* Post-partum oestrus
 
* Post-partum oestrus
  
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=== Copulation ===
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== Copulation ==
  
 
* Lasts 30 minutes.
 
* Lasts 30 minutes.
 
* Mating may be confirmed by the presence of a ''''copulatory plug''''.
 
* Mating may be confirmed by the presence of a ''''copulatory plug''''.
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** A creamy, gelatinous plug formed from secretions of the male [[Accessory Sex Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|accessory glands]].
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** A creamy, gelatinous plug formed from secretions of the male [[Male_Reproductive_Tract_-Accessory_Sex_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|accessory glands]].
 
* Pseudopregnancy can occur after an infertile mating.
 
* Pseudopregnancy can occur after an infertile mating.
  
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=== Mammary Gland ===
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== Mammary Gland ==
  
 
* 6 pairs of teats
 
* 6 pairs of teats
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=== Breed Differences ===
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== Breed Differences ==
  
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==== Syrian (Golden) hamster ====
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=== Syrian (Golden) hamster ===
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[[Image:hamster fetus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Syrian Hamster Foetus during Late Gestation- Courtesy of Andrew Crook, Copyright RVC 2008]]
 
  
 
* Sexually mature at 6-8 weeks  
 
* Sexually mature at 6-8 weeks  
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* Gestation period: 6-8 days
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* [[Reproductive_System#Gestation|Gestation]] period: 6-8 days
 
* Litter size 5-9: offspring
 
* Litter size 5-9: offspring
 
** Weaned at 21-28 days.
 
** Weaned at 21-28 days.
  
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==== Russian Hamster ====
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=== Russian Hamster ===
  
 
* Sexually mature at 6-8 weeks  
 
* Sexually mature at 6-8 weeks  
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* Gestation period: 6-8 days
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* [[Reproductive_System#Gestation|Gestation]] period: 6-8 days
 
* Litter size: 4 offspring
 
* Litter size: 4 offspring
 
** Will cannabilise young if disturbed.
 
** Will cannabilise young if disturbed.
 
** Weaned at 16-18 days.
 
** Weaned at 16-18 days.
  
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==== Chinese Hamster ====
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=== Chinese Hamster ===
  
 
* Sexually mature at 7-14 weeks
 
* Sexually mature at 7-14 weeks
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* Gestation period 7-14 days  
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* [[Reproductive_System#Gestation|Gestation]] period 7-14 days  
 
* Litter size: 4 offspring
 
* Litter size: 4 offspring
 
** Will cannabilise young if disturbed.
 
** Will cannabilise young if disturbed.
 
** Weaned at 21 days.
 
** Weaned at 21 days.
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[[Category:Small Mammal Reproduction]]
 
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[[Category:Bullet Points]]
 

Revision as of 08:39, 23 July 2008

BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
BACK TO SMALL DOMESTIC MAMMALS


Male

The anogenital distance is longer in the male, which has a more prominent genital papilla.

Penis

  • Os penis lies within the tissue of the penis.
    • Supporting bone is the Baculum.
      • Baculum consists of two lateral prongs and a dorsal prong.

Testes

  • Two large testes in an external scrotum.
    • Retained in the scrotum by a pad of fat in the inguinal canal.
  • Chinese Hamster:
    • Testes remain internal.

Accessory Sex Glands

  • Several large accessory glands including:
    • Ampulla Glands
    • Seminal Vesicles
    • Coagulating Glands
    • Prostate (three-lobed)
    • Bulbourethral Glands
  • Produce a urethral plug.
  • Scent gland on each flank to mark territory.

Mammary Gland

  • Teats are absent.

Female

Reproductive Tract

Ovary

  • Ovaries are oval in shape, situated dorsolateral to the kidneys.
    • Completely enclosed in a fat-filled ovarian bursa.
    • Uterine artery provides a major blood supply to the ovary.
    • Coils of the ovarian and uterine arteries anastoamose close to the ovary.

Oviduct

Uterus

Vagina

  • The urinary opening is cranial and the anus is caudal with the vaginal opening in between.
  • Vagina has a pair of vaginal pouches.
    • Extend caudally, terminating at the level of the vaginal orifice.

Oestrous Cyclicity

  • Spontaneous ovulator.
    • Ovulation occurs ~ 12 hours after the LH surge, usually resulting in the release of ova at night (hamsters are nocturnal).
  • Seasonally polyoestrus
  • Oestrus every 5-7 days
    • Secretes copious white vaginal discharge during oestrus.
      • Changes consistency from stringy to waxy over the 3 day oestrus period.
  • Post-partum oestrus

Copulation

  • Lasts 30 minutes.
  • Mating may be confirmed by the presence of a 'copulatory plug'.
  • Pseudopregnancy can occur after an infertile mating.

Mammary Gland

  • 6 pairs of teats
  • Extend from the thoracic to inguinal region.


Breed Differences

Syrian (Golden) hamster

  • Sexually mature at 6-8 weeks
  • Gestation period: 6-8 days
  • Litter size 5-9: offspring
    • Weaned at 21-28 days.

Russian Hamster

  • Sexually mature at 6-8 weeks
  • Gestation period: 6-8 days
  • Litter size: 4 offspring
    • Will cannabilise young if disturbed.
    • Weaned at 16-18 days.

Chinese Hamster

  • Sexually mature at 7-14 weeks
  • Gestation period 7-14 days
  • Litter size: 4 offspring
    • Will cannabilise young if disturbed.
    • Weaned at 21 days.
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