Difference between revisions of "Ribs and Sternum - Anatomy & Physiology"
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− | + | <big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> | |
− | + | =Costae= | |
− | [[ | + | *Arranged in pairs and articulate with two successive vertebrae |
− | Costae | + | *Bony dorsal part, body of rib, and ventral costal cartilage |
− | + | *Increase in length, curvature and amount of cartilage craniocaudally | |
− | + | *Cartilage of last rib may fail to join that of its neighbor: said to be '''floating''' | |
− | + | *Join ventrally on the midline at the '''Sternum''', which is comprised of three parts | |
− | + | **'''Manubrium''': most cranial, projects beyond the first set of ribs and can be palpated | |
− | + | **Body: segmented '''sternebrae''' joined by cartilage in young animals that is later replaced by bone | |
+ | **'''Xiphoid Cartilage''': caudal end that projects between lower ends of costal arches, providing attachment for the '''linea alba''' | ||
+ | *Costal Joints: | ||
+ | **Costovertebral joint: head of rib articulates with vertebral column, ball and socket with very restricted mobility | ||
+ | **Costotransverse joint: tubercle articulates with vertebra, sliding joint | ||
+ | **Costosternal joints: | ||
+ | ***Interchondral joints: asternal ribs, elastic syndesmoses | ||
+ | ***Intersternal joints: impermanent synchondroses | ||
− | + | =Thoracic Musculature= | |
− | + | *Primarily concerned with respiration | |
− | + | **Inspiratory muscles enlarge the thoracic cavity | |
− | + | **Expiratory muscles diminish the cavity and force air out | |
− | + | *The most important thoracic muscle is the '''''Diaphragm''''', which separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities | |
− | + | **Dome-shaped, convex on its cranial surface | |
− | + | **Central tendon forms the vertex | |
− | + | ***Neutral position (between full inspiration and full expiration): 6th rib behind the '''olecranon''' | |
− | + | **Attaches via muscular periphery to the costal arch | |
− | + | *''Intercostal muscles'' | |
+ | **External fibers run caudoventrally and internal fibers run cranioventrally | ||
+ | **Each is confined to a single intercostal space | ||
+ | *''Transversus thoracis'' arises from and covers the dorsal sternum and inserts on sternal ribs close to the costochondral junctions | ||
+ | *''Rectus thoracis'' covers the ends of the first four ribs in continuation of the ''rectus abdominus'' | ||
+ | *''Serratus dorsalis'' overlies the dorsal aspect of the ribs | ||
− | + | =Abdominal Musculature= | |
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Revision as of 15:30, 25 July 2008
Costae
- Arranged in pairs and articulate with two successive vertebrae
- Bony dorsal part, body of rib, and ventral costal cartilage
- Increase in length, curvature and amount of cartilage craniocaudally
- Cartilage of last rib may fail to join that of its neighbor: said to be floating
- Join ventrally on the midline at the Sternum, which is comprised of three parts
- Manubrium: most cranial, projects beyond the first set of ribs and can be palpated
- Body: segmented sternebrae joined by cartilage in young animals that is later replaced by bone
- Xiphoid Cartilage: caudal end that projects between lower ends of costal arches, providing attachment for the linea alba
- Costal Joints:
- Costovertebral joint: head of rib articulates with vertebral column, ball and socket with very restricted mobility
- Costotransverse joint: tubercle articulates with vertebra, sliding joint
- Costosternal joints:
- Interchondral joints: asternal ribs, elastic syndesmoses
- Intersternal joints: impermanent synchondroses
Thoracic Musculature
- Primarily concerned with respiration
- Inspiratory muscles enlarge the thoracic cavity
- Expiratory muscles diminish the cavity and force air out
- The most important thoracic muscle is the Diaphragm, which separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
- Dome-shaped, convex on its cranial surface
- Central tendon forms the vertex
- Neutral position (between full inspiration and full expiration): 6th rib behind the olecranon
- Attaches via muscular periphery to the costal arch
- Intercostal muscles
- External fibers run caudoventrally and internal fibers run cranioventrally
- Each is confined to a single intercostal space
- Transversus thoracis arises from and covers the dorsal sternum and inserts on sternal ribs close to the costochondral junctions
- Rectus thoracis covers the ends of the first four ribs in continuation of the rectus abdominus
- Serratus dorsalis overlies the dorsal aspect of the ribs