Difference between revisions of "Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology"

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<big><center>[[Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
  
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The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull. It is made up of 5 different bones, which vary in length and size depending on the species.
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The hyoid apparatus holds the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] in place and supports the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] from the skull.
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[[Image:Hyoid Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham]]
 
  
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It is made up of 5 different bones which vary in length and size depending on the species.
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[[Image:Hyoid Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham]]
 
==Structure and Function==
 
==Structure and Function==
  
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It is attached to the temporal region of the skull by a [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Cartilaginous Joints|synchondrosis joint]]. It is palpable through the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] and is visible when the pharynx is viewed through the mouth. The basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space.
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*Attached to the temporal region of the skull by a [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Cartilaginous Joints|synchondrosis]]
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*Palpable through [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]]
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*Visible when the [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] is viewed through the mouth
  
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The '''sternohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid caudally and the '''geniohyoid''' muscle pulls the hyoid rostrally.
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*Basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space
  
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[[Image:Hyoid Bones.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown]]
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*Sternohyoid muscle pulls hyoid caudally
  
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==The hyoid bones==
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*Geniohyoid muscle pulls hyoid rostrally
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[[Image:Hyoid Bones.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown]]
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===The hyoid bones===
  
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'''1. Basihyoid''' - Unpaired bone.
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*Basihyoid
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**Lingual process present in some species which protrudes into the roof of the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]]
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**Unpaired
  
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'''2. Stylohyoid''' -  Articulates with base of skull at the petrus temporal. A paired bone.
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*Stylohyoid
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**Articulates with base of skull at petrus temporal
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**Articulates with [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]
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**Paired
  
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'''3. Epihyoid''' - A paired bone.
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*Epihyoid
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**Paired
  
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'''4. Keratohyoid''' - A paired bone.
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*Keratohyoid
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**Paired
  
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'''5. Thyrohyoid''' - Articulates with the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Cartilage|thyroid cartilage]] of the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]. A paired bone.
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*Thyrohyoid
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**Paired
  
 
==Species Differences==
 
==Species Differences==
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[[Image:Canine Hyoid.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Canine hyoid apparatus - Copyright Nottingham]]
 
  
 
===Carnivores===
 
===Carnivores===
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*Stylohyoid bones not palpable
  
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Stylohyoid bones are not palpable.
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===Equine===
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*Epihyoid small
  
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===Equine===
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*Lingual process present
  
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Epihyoid is small, the lingual process is present and they have a well developed stylohyoid muscle.
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*Well developed stylohyoid muscle
  
 
===Ruminants===
 
===Ruminants===
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*Lingual process present  
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Lingual process is present.
 
  
 
===Porcine===
 
===Porcine===
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*Lingual process present
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Lingual process is present.
 
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{{Template:Learning
 
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|flashcards = [[Hyoid Apparatus - Musculoskeletal - Flashcards|Hyoid apparatus anatomy]]
 
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|videos = [[Video: Ventral muscles of the head potcast|Ventral muscles of the head potcast]]<br>[[Video: Hyoid apparatus potcast|Hyoid apparatus potcast]]
 
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}}
 
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==Webinars==
 
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<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss>
 
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[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
 
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[[Category:A&P Done]]
 

Revision as of 08:54, 30 July 2008

BACK TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Introduction

The hyoid apparatus holds the larynx in place and supports the pharynx and tongue from the skull.

It is made up of 5 different bones which vary in length and size depending on the species.

Hyoid Apparatus in situ - Copyright Nottingham

Structure and Function

  • Visible when the pharynx is viewed through the mouth
  • Basihyoid is palpable within the intermandibular space
  • Sternohyoid muscle pulls hyoid caudally
  • Geniohyoid muscle pulls hyoid rostrally
Hyoid Apparatus Drawing - Copyright nabrown

The hyoid bones

  • Basihyoid
    • Lingual process present in some species which protrudes into the roof of the tongue
    • Unpaired
  • Epihyoid
    • Paired
  • Keratohyoid
    • Paired
  • Thyrohyoid
    • Paired

Species Differences

Carnivores

  • Stylohyoid bones not palpable

Equine

  • Epihyoid small
  • Lingual process present
  • Well developed stylohyoid muscle

Ruminants

  • Lingual process present

Porcine

  • Lingual process present
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