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** Swelling of vulva (also when coming into and going out of oestrus).
 
** Swelling of vulva (also when coming into and going out of oestrus).
 
** Mucus discharge (also when coming into and going out of oestrus). This is called a '''bulling string'''.
 
** Mucus discharge (also when coming into and going out of oestrus). This is called a '''bulling string'''.
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Sexual behaviour in cows is itself influenced by numerous factors:
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* Cows tend to be ridden by cows in, coming into or going out of oestrus. The more sexually active females there are, the greater the number of mounts and likelihood of cows being observed standing to be mounted.
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* Lame cows are less likely to show signs of sexual behaviour.
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* Non-slip surfaces encourage sexual activity, while slippery and rough surfaces discourage such behaviour.
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* Lack of space is prohibitive.
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*  The presence of a stock bull can be counterproductive.
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**  Rarely see a cow actually being served
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**  Cow–cow interactions are reduced, thus interfering with oestrus detection.
    
== Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection ==
 
== Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection ==
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