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== Penis ==
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== Prepuce and Penis ==
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* Slim and worm-like
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* The prepuce is flattened from side to side and triangular in shape when viewed laterally.
* Points backwards when flaccid.
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* In the absence of sexual arousal, the small preputial opening is directed caudally and because of this they urinate towards the rear.
** Squat and urinate rearwards as females do.
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* When erect,the cranial prepucial muscles pull the prepuce, and also the penis, forward from their backward position.
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* The penis is attached to the prepuce at birth and does not become free until 2 - 3 years of age.
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** Loss of adhesions is a sign of sexual maturity.
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** If castration is prior to the Testosterone peak at the beginning of [[Reproductive_System#Development_to_Puberty|puberty]], then adhesions may never completely break down.
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* Penis is fibroelastic.
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** In the absence of an erection, the penis is retracted into its sheath via a prescrotal sigmoid flexure not a post scrotal sigmoid flexure, as is the case in bulls.
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*  The length of the penis ranges from 59 - 68 cm and it is cylindrical in shape
 
* Process at the end of the penis is firm, composed of [[Bones_and_Cartilage_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Types_of_Cartilage|cartilage]].  
 
* Process at the end of the penis is firm, composed of [[Bones_and_Cartilage_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Types_of_Cartilage|cartilage]].  
 
** It has a slight clockwise curve to aid insertion of the penis through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] so that semen can be deposited directly into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterine horns]].
 
** It has a slight clockwise curve to aid insertion of the penis through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] so that semen can be deposited directly into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterine horns]].
* In newborn and juvenile males, a sheath of skin covers and adheres to the penis, making extrusion impossible.
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* The glans penis is curved along its vertical plane giving it a hook-shape with a definite neck between the glans and body of the penis.
** Lost at 1-3 years
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** Loss of adhesions is a sign of sexual maturity.
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* If castration is prior to the Testosterone peak at the beginning of [[Reproductive_System#Development_to_Puberty|puberty]], then adhesions may never completely break down.
      
== Scrotum and Testes==
 
== Scrotum and Testes==
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