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− | | + | <big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big> |
− | ==Forelimb==
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− | | |
− | ===The Shoulder===
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− | [[File:Points of a horse.jpg|right|500px]] | |
− | '''Bones'''
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− | * Cranial border of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]
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− | * Dorsal border of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapular cartilage]]
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− | * Spine of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]
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− | * Caudal division of the greater tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
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− | * Deltoid tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
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− | * Greater tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
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− | | |
− | '''Soft Tissue'''
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− | * Brachiocephalicus
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− | * Deltoid muscles
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− | * Triceps
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− | * Supraspinatus and infrapinatus
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− | | |
− | For further details see: [[Limb Muscles - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|Equine muscles]]
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− | | |
− | ===Antebrachium and Elbow===
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− | '''Bones'''
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− | * Olecranon
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− | * Lateral epicondyle, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]
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− | * Lateral tuberosity, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
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− | * Styloid process, [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
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− | | |
− | '''Joint'''
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− | * Identified between distal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humeral]] epicondyle and lateral tuberosity of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]. The collateral ligament runs between these two landmarks.
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− | '''Soft tissue'''
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− | * Extensor carpi radialis
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− | * Common digital extensor
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− | * Extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris, the groove between these two muscles can be felt caudally
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− | * Tendon sheath of flexor carpi radialis
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− | For further details see: [[Limb Muscles - Horse Anatomy#Thoracic Limb|Equine muscles]]
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− | | |
− | ===Metacarpal region and Carpus===
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− | '''Bones'''
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− | * Medial styloid process of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
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− | * Lateral styloid process of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]
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− | * [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|Accessory carpal bone]]
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− | * Medial and lateral [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|splint bones]] and their buttons
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− | | |
− | '''Joint'''
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− | * [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|Radiocarpal joint]]
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− | * Carpal canal
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− | | |
− | '''Soft tissue'''
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− | * Extensor carpi radialis tendon
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− | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Common digital extensor tendon]]
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− | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|Lateral digital extensor tendon]]
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− | * Flexor reticulum
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− | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Superficial and deep digital flexor tendon]]
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− | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon]]
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− | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]]
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− | * Blood vessels and nerves in mid-metacarpal region
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− | * Medial palmar artery
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− | | |
− | ===Metacarpophalangeal Joint===
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− | '''Bones'''
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− | * Sagittal ridge of dorsal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|metacarpus]] under [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
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− | * Dorsoproximal margin of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]
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− | * Proximal sesamoid bones
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− | '''Soft tissue'''
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− | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Common digital flexor tendon]]
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− | * Dorsal pouch of the joint either side of the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
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− | * Lateral digital extensor
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− | * Neurovascular bundle on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids
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− | * Collateral ligaments of proximal sesamoids
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− | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]]
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− | * Palmar annular ligament
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− | * Palmar pouch of joint
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− | * Proximal pouch of digital sheath between the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|suspensory ligament]] and digital flexor tendon
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− | | |
− | ===Pastern===
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− | '''Bones'''
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− | * Epicondyles of distal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] and palmar processes of proximal [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] show the site of the joint
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− | | |
− | '''Soft tissue'''
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− | * Dorsal pouch of [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Distal Interphalangeal (Coffin) Joint|distal interphalangeal joint]]
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− | * Collateral cartilage
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− | * Extensor slips from [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|Suspensory ligament]] attaching to the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
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− | * Widening of [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]
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− | * Collateral ligaments of joint attaching to epicondyle of [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]
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− | * [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|flexor tendons]]
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− | * Digital arteries
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− | ===Foot===
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− | * Coronary band and periople
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− | * Heel
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− | * Frog
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− | * Paracuneal sulcus
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− | * Sole
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− | * White line
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− | * Wall of hoof
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− | | |
− | For further details see: [[Hoof - Horse Anatomy|equine hoof]]
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− | | |
− | ==Hindlimb==
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− | ===Thigh and Hindquarters===
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− | '''Bones'''
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− | * Tuber coxae
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− | * Greater trochanter of the femur
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− | * Third trochanter of the femur
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− | * Medial troclear ridge of the femur
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− | '''Soft tissue'''
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− | * Semimembranosus
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− | * Semitendinosus
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− | * Biceps femoris
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− | * Quadriceps
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− | * Gluteals
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− | * Tensor fascia latae
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− | | |
− | ===Crus and Stifle===
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− | '''Bones'''
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− | * Lateral condyle of tibia
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− | * Lateral malleolus of tibia
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− | * Tibial crest
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− | * Patella
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− | | |
− | '''Joints'''
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− | * Femeropatellar joint
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− | * Femerotibial joint
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− | | |
− | '''Soft tissue'''
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− | * Cranial tibial
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− | * Long and lateral digital extensor muscles
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− | * Gastrocnemius
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− | * Deep digital flexor muscle
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− | * Patellar ligaments
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− | * Quadriceps
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− | * Combined tendon of fibularis tertius and long digital extensor
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− | * Lateral and medial collateral ligaments
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− | * Medial menisci
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− | * Popliteal tendon
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− | | |
− | ===Hock===
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− | '''Bones''' | |
− | * Lateral and medial malleolus of the tibia
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− | * Trochlea of the talus
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− | * Sustentaculum tali
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− | * Heads of the splint bones
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− | | |
− | '''Joints'''
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− | * Tarsocrural joint
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− | * Proximal intertarsal joint
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− | * Distal intertarsal joint
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− | * Tarsometatarsal joint
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− | | |
− | '''Soft tissue'''
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− | * Cranial tibial
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− | * Peroneus tertius
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− | * Long digital extensor
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− | * Lateral digital extensor
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− | * Lateral collateral ligaments
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− | * Saphenous vein
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− | * Medial collateral ligaments of tarsocrural joint
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− | * Cunean tendon
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− | * Achilles tendon - SDFT, gastrocnemius, deep tarsal ligaments
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− | * Calcaneal bursa
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− | * Plantar ligament of calcaneus
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− | =='''Metatarsal Region'''==
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− | '''Bones'''
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− | * Splint bones
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− | '''Soft tissue'''
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− | * Long digital extensor tendon
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− | * Lateral digital extensor tendon
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− | * Lateral and medial palmar artery
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− | * Suspensory ligament
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− | * Flexor tendons
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− | ===Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Foot===
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− | * As for forelimb
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− | <br>
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− | {{Template:Learning
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− | |dragster = [[Equine Skeletal Anatomy Dragster resource]]
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− | }}
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− | | |
− | ==Webinars==
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− | <rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/internal-medicine/webinars/feed</rss> | |
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− | [[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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− | [[Category:Horse Anatomy]]
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