Changes

==Muscles of the Forelimb==

==Muscles of the Forelimb==

===Extrinsic Musculature===

===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Extrinsic Musculature|Extrinsic Musculature]]===

These muscle are responsible for joining tht forelimb to the trunk, forming a synsarcosis rather than a conventional joint.  Collectively, they act to transfer the weight of the body to the forelimbs as well as stabilize the scapula.

These muscle are responsible for joining tht forelimb to the trunk, forming a synsarcosis rather than a conventional joint.  Collectively, they act to transfer the weight of the body to the forelimbs as well as stabilize the scapula.

*Action: retracting the limb, may also raise limb

*Action: retracting the limb, may also raise limb

===Intrinsic Musculature===

===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Intrinsic Musculature|Intrinsic Musculature]]===

====Muscles of the Shoulder====

====Muscles of the Shoulder====

These muscles are grouped:

These muscles are grouped:

***Insertion: teres tuberosity midway down humerus

***Insertion: teres tuberosity midway down humerus

====Muscles of the Elbow====

====[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Muscles of the Elbow|Muscles of the Elbow]]====

''Extensors'': Radial n. from the brachial plexus

''Extensors'': Radial n. from the brachial plexus

*'''Triceps brachii''': Has four heads in the dog

*'''Triceps brachii''': Has four heads in the dog

**Insertion: spirals to insert just proximal to biceps

**Insertion: spirals to insert just proximal to biceps

====Muscles of Supination and Pronation ====

====[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Muscles of Supination and Pronation|Muscles of Supination and Pronation]]====

''Supinators'': Radial n. from the brachial plexus

''Supinators'': Radial n. from the brachial plexus

*'''Brachioradialis'''

*'''Brachioradialis'''

**Insertion: interosseous border of the ulna

**Insertion: interosseous border of the ulna

====Muscles of the Carpal and Digital Joints====

====[[[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Muscles of the Carpal and Digital Joints|Muscles of the Carpal and Digital Joints]]====

''Extensors'': Radial n. from the brachial plexus

''Extensors'': Radial n. from the brachial plexus

*Craniolateral position on the forearm

*Craniolateral position on the forearm

*Support metacarpophalnageal joints

*Support metacarpophalnageal joints

*Arise from palmar proximal metacarpal bones and insert on sesamoid bones within the joints, continued by ligaments to phalanges

*Arise from palmar proximal metacarpal bones and insert on sesamoid bones within the joints, continued by ligaments to phalanges

==Vasculature of the Forelimb==

==Vasculature of the Forelimb==