Difference between revisions of "Type II Hypersensitivity"

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==Introduction==
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<big><center>[[Immunology - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO IMMUNOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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----
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[[Image:Type II Hypersensitivity.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008]]
 
[[Image:Type II Hypersensitivity.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008]]
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Production of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]] or [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.
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Production of IgM or IgG to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.
  
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==Mechanism==
 
  
 
''' "Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:'''
 
''' "Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:'''
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* Antibodies attach to receptors, which prevents other molecules attaching.
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* Myasthenia gravis
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* For example in myasthenia gravis antibodies attach to acetylcholine receptors which in turn prevents acetylcholine from attaching to the receptor and thus muscle contraction of that cell does not occur.
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''' Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by (see diagram):'''
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''' Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by:'''
  
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[[Adaptive Immunity to Viruses|1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)]]
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1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)
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* [[Pemphigus|Pemphigus vulgaris]]
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* Pemphigus vulgaris
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* [[Bullous Pemphigoid|Bullous pemphigoid]]
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* Bullous pemphigoid
  
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2. [[Complement|Complement]] mediated lysis
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2. Complement mediated lysis
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* Self [[Erythrocytes|RBC]] antigen:
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* Self RBC antigen:
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** [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia|Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia]]
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** Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
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* Foreign [[Erythrocytes|RBC]]:
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* Foreign RBC:
 
** Blood transfusion reaction
 
** Blood transfusion reaction
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** [[Neonatal Isoerythrolysis|Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)]]
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** Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)
 
* RBC parasite:
 
* RBC parasite:
 
** Feline infectious anaemia (''Mycoplasma haemofelis'')  
 
** Feline infectious anaemia (''Mycoplasma haemofelis'')  
 
3. Phagocytosis
 
3. Phagocytosis
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==From Pathology==
 
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*Cytotoxic reaction
 
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*[[IgG]] and [[IgM]] interaction with antigens bound to cellular membranes
 
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*Often involves [[Complement#Complement Fixation Pathways|complement fixation]] -> cellular damage
 
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*In skin - circulating antibody to proteins of desmosomes in intercellular areas along basement membranes at epidermal-dermal junction
 
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*Includes:
 
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**[[Pemphigus|Pemphigus]]
 
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**[[Bullous Pemphigoid|Bullous pemphigoid]]
 
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<br><br>
 
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{{Jim Bee 2007}}
 
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[[Category:Hypersensitivity]]
 

Revision as of 13:55, 26 August 2008

BACK TO IMMUNOLOGY


Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008

Production of IgM or IgG to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.


"Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:

  • Myasthenia gravis


Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by:

1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)

  • Pemphigus vulgaris
  • Bullous pemphigoid

2. Complement mediated lysis

  • Self RBC antigen:
    • Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
  • Foreign RBC:
    • Blood transfusion reaction
    • Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)
  • RBC parasite:
    • Feline infectious anaemia (Mycoplasma haemofelis)

3. Phagocytosis

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