Difference between revisions of "Type II Hypersensitivity"

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==Introduction==
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<big><center>[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO Hypersensitivity''']]</center></big>
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----
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[[Image:Type II Hypersensitivity.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008]]
 
[[Image:Type II Hypersensitivity.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008]]
Production of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]] or [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.
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Production of IgM or IgG to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.
  
==Mechanism==
 
  
 
''' "Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:'''
 
''' "Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:'''
* Antibodies attach to receptors, which prevents other molecules attaching.
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* Myasthenia gravis
* For example in myasthenia gravis antibodies attach to acetylcholine receptors which in turn prevents acetylcholine from attaching to the receptor and thus muscle contraction of that cell does not occur.
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''' Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by (see diagram):'''
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''' Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by:'''
  
[[Adaptive Immunity to Viruses|1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)]]
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1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)
* [[Pemphigus|Pemphigus vulgaris]]
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* Pemphigus vulgaris
* [[Bullous Pemphigoid|Bullous pemphigoid]]
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* Bullous pemphigoid
  
2. [[Complement|Complement]] mediated lysis
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2. Complement mediated lysis
* Self [[Erythrocytes|RBC]] antigen:
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* Self RBC antigen:
** [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia|Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia]]
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** Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
* Foreign [[Erythrocytes|RBC]]:
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* Foreign RBC:
 
** Blood transfusion reaction
 
** Blood transfusion reaction
** [[Neonatal Isoerythrolysis|Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)]]
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** Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)
 
* RBC parasite:
 
* RBC parasite:
 
** Feline infectious anaemia (''Mycoplasma haemofelis'')  
 
** Feline infectious anaemia (''Mycoplasma haemofelis'')  
 
3. Phagocytosis
 
3. Phagocytosis
 
==From Pathology==
 
 
*Cytotoxic reaction
 
*[[IgG]] and [[IgM]] interaction with antigens bound to cellular membranes
 
*Often involves [[Complement#Complement Fixation Pathways|complement fixation]] -> cellular damage
 
*In skin - circulating antibody to proteins of desmosomes in intercellular areas along basement membranes at epidermal-dermal junction
 
*Includes:
 
**[[Pemphigus|Pemphigus]]
 
**[[Bullous Pemphigoid|Bullous pemphigoid]]
 
 
 
<br><br>
 
{{Jim Bee 2007}}
 
[[Category:Hypersensitivity]]
 

Revision as of 13:56, 26 August 2008

BACK TO Hypersensitivity


Type II Hypersensitivity-Brian Catchpole RVC 2008

Production of IgM or IgG to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix proteins.


"Neutralisation" blockade of receptors:

  • Myasthenia gravis


Immunological attack on target cells, destroying them by:

1. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)

  • Pemphigus vulgaris
  • Bullous pemphigoid

2. Complement mediated lysis

  • Self RBC antigen:
    • Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
  • Foreign RBC:
    • Blood transfusion reaction
    • Haemolytic disease of new born (Rhesus disease in humans and neonatal isoerythrolysis in foals and kittens)
  • RBC parasite:
    • Feline infectious anaemia (Mycoplasma haemofelis)

3. Phagocytosis