Difference between revisions of "Carnivore Mammary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology"

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{{OpenPagesTop}}
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<big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big>
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== General Structure ==
 
  
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Each mammary complex consists of '''5-20 mammary units''' and their corresponding ducts. The ducts open separately on the tip of the teat. Shallow grooves indicate the border between complexes. An '''intermammary sulcus''' divides the right from the left row.
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<big><center>[[Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology#Lactation|'''BACK TO LACTATION''']]</center></big>
  
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==Species differences==
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<big><center>[[Lactation_-_The_Mammary_Gland_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''BACK TO THE MAMMARY GLAND''']]</center></big>
  
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=== Bitch ===
 
  
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Usually has '''10 mammary complexes'''. They are arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows and extend from the ventral '''thoracic to inguinal''' region. N.B. They are not always symmetrical and the number of complexes may vary between 8-12.
 
  
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=== Cat ===
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= General Structure =
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* Each mammary complex consists of '''5-20 mammary units''' and their corresponding ducts.
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* Ducts open separately on the tip of the teat.
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* Shallow grooves indicate the border between complexes.
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* '''Intermammary Sulcus''' divides the right from the left row.
  
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Usually has '''8 mammary complexes'''. They are arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows and extend from the ventral '''thoracic to abdominal''' region.
 
  
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== Appearance ==
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== Bitch ==
  
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Juvenile or non-lactating carnivores have inconspicuous mammary complexes with short teats. During lactation, the mammary complexes increase in size and become hemi-spherical in shape. This does, however, vary among breeds and individuals.
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* Usually '''10 mammary complexes'''.
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* Arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows.
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* Extend from the ventral '''thoracic to inguinal''' region.
  
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== Blood Supply ==
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''N.B: Not always symmetrical and number of complexes may vary 8-12.''
  
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There is a blood supply from the mammary branches of the '''lateral thoracic artery'''.
 
  
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== Lymphatics ==
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== Cat ==
  
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Lymph from the cranial thoracic mammary complex, drains into both the '''axillary''' and '''superficial cervical''' lymph node. Lymph from the cranial abdominal mammary complex, can either drain into the '''axillary''' or '''superficial inguinal''' lymph node and lymph from the caudal abdominal mammary complex may also drain into the '''medial iliac''' lymph nodes. There is interconnection between the left and right superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
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* Usually '''8 mammary complexes'''.
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* Arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows.
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* Extend from the ventral '''thoracic to abdominal''' region.
  
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== Complications ==
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----
  
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Changes characteristic of the cycle of the bitch include, growth and proliferation of the mammary gland with each cycle even if the bitch does not conceive. Frequent proliferation and subsequent [[Lactation - Anatomy & Physiology#Involution|involution]] predisposes the bitch to [[Neoplasia - Pathology#Examples of Tumour Types|mammary tumours]].
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= Appearance =
  
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{{OpenPages}}
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* Juvenile/non-lactating: inconspicuous mammary complexes with short teats.
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[[Category:Female Reproduction]][[Category:Cat - Integumentary System]][[Category:Dog - Integumentary System]]
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* Lactation: Mammary complexes increase in size and become hemi-spherical in shape.
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[[Category:A&P Done]]
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* Varies among breeds and individuals.
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= Blood Supply =
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* Additional supply from mammary branches of the '''lateral thoracic artery'''.
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----
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= Lymphatics =
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* Lymph from the cranial thoracic mammary  complex drains into both the '''axillary''' and '''superficial cervical''' lymph node.
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* Lymph from the cranial abdominal mammary complex can either drain into the '''axillary''' or '''superficial inguinal''' lymph node.
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* Lymph from the caudal abdominal mammary complex may also drain into the '''medial iliac''' lymph nodes.
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* '''Interconnection''' between left and right superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
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----
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= Complications =
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* Changes characteristic of the cycle of the bitch include growth and proliferation of the mammary gland with each cycle even if the bitch does not conceive.
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* Frequent proliferation and subsequent [[Lactation_-_Involution_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|involution]] predisposes the bitch to [[General_Pathology_-_Neoplasia#Examples_of_Tumour_Types|mammary tumours]].

Revision as of 14:12, 3 September 2008

BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
BACK TO LACTATION
BACK TO THE MAMMARY GLAND


General Structure

  • Each mammary complex consists of 5-20 mammary units and their corresponding ducts.
  • Ducts open separately on the tip of the teat.
  • Shallow grooves indicate the border between complexes.
  • Intermammary Sulcus divides the right from the left row.


Bitch

  • Usually 10 mammary complexes.
  • Arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows.
  • Extend from the ventral thoracic to inguinal region.

N.B: Not always symmetrical and number of complexes may vary 8-12.


Cat

  • Usually 8 mammary complexes.
  • Arranged in two bilaterally symmetrical rows.
  • Extend from the ventral thoracic to abdominal region.

Appearance

  • Juvenile/non-lactating: inconspicuous mammary complexes with short teats.
  • Lactation: Mammary complexes increase in size and become hemi-spherical in shape.
  • Varies among breeds and individuals.

Blood Supply

  • Additional supply from mammary branches of the lateral thoracic artery.

Lymphatics

  • Lymph from the cranial thoracic mammary complex drains into both the axillary and superficial cervical lymph node.
  • Lymph from the cranial abdominal mammary complex can either drain into the axillary or superficial inguinal lymph node.
  • Lymph from the caudal abdominal mammary complex may also drain into the medial iliac lymph nodes.
  • Interconnection between left and right superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

Complications

  • Changes characteristic of the cycle of the bitch include growth and proliferation of the mammary gland with each cycle even if the bitch does not conceive.
  • Frequent proliferation and subsequent involution predisposes the bitch to mammary tumours.
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