Difference between revisions of "Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards"

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||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
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==<font color="purple">Parasites</font>==
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|<big>'''Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Eukaryotic'''''
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||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|<big>'''What are the two main groups of helminth parasite?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Nematodes'''''
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*'''''Platyhelminthes'''''
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||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|<big>'''What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Eosinophils'''''
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||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|<big>'''What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Th1'''''
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||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|<big>'''What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Th2'''''
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||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|-
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|<big>'''How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Directly damaging protozoa'''''
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*'''''Activating complement'''''
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*'''''Blocking attachment to host cells'''''
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*'''''Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis'''''
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*'''''Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity'''''
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||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]

Revision as of 14:22, 10 September 2008


Host invasion

Question Answer Article
By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?
  • Contact
  • Aerosol
  • Orofecal
 Link to Answer Article


Viruses

Question Answer Article
Naked viruses contain only...?
  • RNA/DNA and protein coat
 Link to Answer Article
Name three functions of viral structural proteins
  • Protection of the genome
  • Attachment to host cell
  • Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane
 Link to Answer Article
Name the two main innate defences against viral infection
  • Interferon
  • Natural killer cells
 Link to Answer Article
Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?
  • IgA
 Link to Answer Article
What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?
  • Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
 Link to Answer Article
By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?
  • Virolysis
 Link to Answer Article
When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?
  • Blocking the virus receptor
  • Lysis of infected cells
  • Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells
 Link to Answer Article
What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages?
  • IFN-γ
  • TNF
 Link to Answer Article

Bacteria

Question Answer Article
Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA
  • Few repeated sequences
  • Most of the DNA is transcibed
  • No intervening sequences within structural genes
 Link to Answer Article
These surface components allow bacteria to move around
  • Flagella
 Link to Answer Article
Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as...
  • Gram-negative
 Link to Answer Article
Bacteria with a round shape are classed as...
  • Cocci
 Link to Answer Article
Bacteria with a long shape are classed as...
  • Rods or bacilli
 Link to Answer Article
What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection?
  • Koch's postulates
 Link to Answer Article
What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS?
  • Endotoxin shock
 Link to Answer Article
By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate?
  • Binary fission
 Link to Answer Article
By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA?
  • Transformation
  • Transduction
  • Conjugation
 Link to Answer Article

Parasites

Question Answer Article
Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure
  • Eukaryotic
 Link to Answer Article
What are the two main groups of helminth parasite?
  • Nematodes
  • Platyhelminthes
 Link to Answer Article
What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites?
  • Eosinophils
 Link to Answer Article
What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa
  • Th1
 Link to Answer Article
What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms?
  • Th2
 Link to Answer Article
How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection?
  • Directly damaging protozoa
  • Activating complement
  • Blocking attachment to host cells
  • Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis
  • Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
 Link to Answer Article
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