Difference between revisions of "Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards"

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===Host invasion===
+
<br>
−
<FlashCard questions="1">
+
==<font color="purple">Host invasion</font>==
−
|q1=By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
|a1=
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
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*Contact
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
*Aerosol
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
*Orofecal
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|-
−
|l1=Host invasion by microorganisms
+
|<big>'''By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?'''
−
</FlashCard>
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
===Viruses===
+
*'''''Contact'''''
−
<FlashCard questions="8">
+
*'''''Aerosol'''''
−
|q1=Naked viruses contain only...?
+
*'''''Orofecal'''''
−
|a1=RNA/DNA and protein coat
+
||[[Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|l1=Viral Structure
+
|}
−
|q2=Name three functions of viral structural proteins
 
−
|a2=
 
−
*Protection of the genome
 
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*Attachment to host cell
 
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*Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane
 
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|l2=Viral Structure
 
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|q3=Name the two main innate defenses against viral infection
 
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|a3=
 
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*Interferon
 
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*Natural killer cells
 
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|l3=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
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|q4=Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?
 
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|a4=[[IgA]]
 
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|l4=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
−
|q5=What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?
 
−
|a5=Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
 
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|l5=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
−
|q6=By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?
 
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|a6=Virolysis
 
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|l6=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
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|q7=When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?
 
−
|a7=
 
−
*Blocking the virus receptor
 
−
*Lysis of infected cells
 
−
*Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells
 
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|l7=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
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|q8=What are the main cytokines CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells release to recruit macrophages?
 
−
|a8=
 
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*IFN-γ
 
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*TNF
 
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|l8=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
  
−
===Bacteria===
 
−
<FlashCard questions="8">
 
−
|q1=Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA
 
−
|a1=
 
−
*Few repeated sequences
 
−
*Most of the DNA is transcibed
 
−
*No intervening sequences within structural genes
 
−
|l1=Bacterial Structure
 
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|q2=These surface components allow bacteria to move around
 
−
|a2=Flagella
 
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|l2=Bacteria Structure
 
−
|q2=Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as...
 
−
|a2=Gram-negative
 
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|l2=Bacterial Structure
 
−
|q3=Bacteria with a round shape are classed as...
 
−
|a3=Cocci
 
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|l3=Bacterial Structure
 
−
|q4=Bacteria with a long shape are classed as...
 
−
|a4=Rods or bacilli
 
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|l4=Bacterial Structure
 
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|q5=What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection?
 
−
|a5=Koch's postulates
 
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|l5=Bacterial Pathogenesis
 
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|q6=What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS?
 
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|a6=Endotoxin shock
 
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|l6=Bacterial Pathogenesis
 
−
|q7=By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate?
 
−
|a7=Binary fission
 
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|l7=Bacterial Replication
 
−
|q8=By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA?
 
−
|a8=
 
−
*Transformation
 
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*Transduction
 
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*Conjugation
 
−
|l8=Bacterial Replication
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
===Parasites===
 
−
<FlashCard questions="6">
 
−
|q1=Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure
 
−
|a1=Eukaryotic
 
−
|l1=:Category:Protozoa
 
−
|q2=What are the two main groups of helminth parasite?
 
−
|a2=
 
−
*Nematodes
 
−
*Platyhelminthes
 
−
|l2=:Category:Helminths
 
−
|q3=What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites?
 
−
|a3=Eosinophils
 
−
|l3=Immunity to Parasites
 
−
|q4=What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa
 
−
|a4=T<sub>H</sub>1
 
−
|l4=Immunity to Parasites
 
−
|q5=What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms?
 
−
|a5=T<sub>H</sub>2
 
−
|l5=Immunity to Parasites
 
−
|q6=How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection?
 
−
|a6=
 
−
*Directly damaging protozoa
 
−
*Activating complement
 
−
*Blocking attachment to host cells
 
−
*Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis
 
−
*Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
 
−
|l6=Immunity to Parasites
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
  
−
<br><br>
+
==<font color="purple">Viruses</font>==
−
{{Jim Bee 2007}}
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Naked viruses contain only...?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''RNA/DNA and protein coat'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name three functions of viral structural proteins'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Protection of the genome'''''
 +
*'''''Attachment to host cell'''''
 +
*'''''Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name the two main innate defences against viral infection'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Interferon'''''
 +
*'''''Natural killer cells
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''IgA'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Virolysis'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Blocking the virus receptor'''''
 +
*'''''Lysis of infected cells'''''
 +
*'''''Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''IFN-γ'''''
 +
*'''''TNF'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==<font color="purple">Bacteria</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Few repeated sequences'''''
 +
*'''''Most of the DNA is transcibed'''''
 +
*'''''No intervening sequences within structural genes'''''
 +
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''These surface components allow bacteria to move around'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Flagella'''''
 +
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as...'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Gram-negative'''''
 +
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Bacteria with a round shape are classed as...'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Cocci'''''
 +
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Bacteria with a long shape are classed as...'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Rods or bacilli'''''
 +
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Koch's postulates'''''
 +
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Endotoxin shock'''''
 +
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Binary fission'''''
 +
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Transformation'''''
 +
*'''''Transduction'''''
 +
*'''''Conjugation'''''
 +
||[[Bacteria - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==<font color="purple">Parasites</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Eukaryotic'''''
 +
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the two main groups of helminth parasite?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Nematodes'''''
 +
*'''''Platyhelminthes'''''
 +
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Eosinophils'''''
 +
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Th1'''''
 +
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Th2'''''
 +
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Directly damaging protozoa'''''
 +
*'''''Activating complement'''''
 +
*'''''Blocking attachment to host cells'''''
 +
*'''''Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis'''''
 +
*'''''Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity'''''
 +
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
 
 +
==<font color="purple">Fungi</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''In what two forms are fungi able to grow?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Filamentous'''''
 +
*'''''Single cells'''''
 +
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Based on the site and form of infection, how can mycoses be classified?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Cutaneous'''''
 +
*'''''Superficial'''''
 +
*'''''Subcutaneous'''''
 +
*'''''Systemic'''''
 +
*'''''Opportunistic'''''
 +
||[[Parasites - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]

Revision as of 14:29, 10 September 2008


Host invasion

Question Answer Article
By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?
  • Contact
  • Aerosol
  • Orofecal
 Link to Answer Article


Viruses

Question Answer Article
Naked viruses contain only...?
  • RNA/DNA and protein coat
 Link to Answer Article
Name three functions of viral structural proteins
  • Protection of the genome
  • Attachment to host cell
  • Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane
 Link to Answer Article
Name the two main innate defences against viral infection
  • Interferon
  • Natural killer cells
 Link to Answer Article
Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?
  • IgA
 Link to Answer Article
What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?
  • Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
 Link to Answer Article
By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?
  • Virolysis
 Link to Answer Article
When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?
  • Blocking the virus receptor
  • Lysis of infected cells
  • Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells
 Link to Answer Article
What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages?
  • IFN-γ
  • TNF
 Link to Answer Article

Bacteria

Question Answer Article
Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA
  • Few repeated sequences
  • Most of the DNA is transcibed
  • No intervening sequences within structural genes
 Link to Answer Article
These surface components allow bacteria to move around
  • Flagella
 Link to Answer Article
Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as...
  • Gram-negative
 Link to Answer Article
Bacteria with a round shape are classed as...
  • Cocci
 Link to Answer Article
Bacteria with a long shape are classed as...
  • Rods or bacilli
 Link to Answer Article
What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection?
  • Koch's postulates
 Link to Answer Article
What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS?
  • Endotoxin shock
 Link to Answer Article
By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate?
  • Binary fission
 Link to Answer Article
By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA?
  • Transformation
  • Transduction
  • Conjugation
 Link to Answer Article

Parasites

Question Answer Article
Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure
  • Eukaryotic
 Link to Answer Article
What are the two main groups of helminth parasite?
  • Nematodes
  • Platyhelminthes
 Link to Answer Article
What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites?
  • Eosinophils
 Link to Answer Article
What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa
  • Th1
 Link to Answer Article
What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms?
  • Th2
 Link to Answer Article
How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection?
  • Directly damaging protozoa
  • Activating complement
  • Blocking attachment to host cells
  • Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis
  • Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
 Link to Answer Article

Fungi

Question Answer Article
In what two forms are fungi able to grow?
  • Filamentous
  • Single cells
 Link to Answer Article
Based on the site and form of infection, how can mycoses be classified?
  • Cutaneous
  • Superficial
  • Subcutaneous
  • Systemic
  • Opportunistic
 Link to Answer Article
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