Changes

Fleas can also act as intermediate hosts and vectors.

Fleas can also act as intermediate hosts and vectors.

The terms '''ctenidia''' and '''combs''' can be used interchangably for spines on the head/thorax. Spines on the cheeks are referred to as '''genal''' and spines on the thorax are called '''pronotal''' combs.

The terms '''ctenidia''' and '''combs''' can be used interchangably for spines on the head/thorax. Spines on the cheeks are referred to as '''genal''' and spines on the thorax are called '''pronotal''' combs. The presence and location of the chitinous spines are important in differentiating between the different flea species.

==Species of Veterinary Importance==

==Species of Veterinary Importance==

**Hedgehogs

**Hedgehogs

**1-3 short spines on genal ctendium

**1-3 short spines on genal ctendium

*1 short spine on pronotal ctenidium

**1 short spine on pronotal ctenidium

==Life-Cycle==

==Life-Cycle==