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Myiasis Producing Flies (view source)
Revision as of 20:05, 5 November 2008
, 20:05, 5 November 2008no edit summary
'''Pathogenesis'''
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Causes[[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Arthropods|myositis]]
*Causes[[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Arthropods| myositis]]
*Production losses
**Condemnation and down-grading of hides
**Reduced milk yield and reduced weight gain
**Injury from stock panic
**Trimmed meat losses from ''H. lineatum''
***'Butcher's Jelly' around warbles which is green due to mass [[Eosinophils - WikiBlood|eosinophil]] attraction
*Paraplegia resulting from:
**Toxin release
**Pressure on the spinal cord (''H. bovis'')
**Bloat from pressue on the oesophageal wall (''H. lineatum'')
'''Control'''
'''Control'''
*Total eradication should be aimed for
*Old methods include popping out warbles
**But could lead to anaphylactic shock
*[[Ectoparasiticides]]
**Systemic organophosphorus [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticides]] in pour-on formula
**Avermectins and milbemycins in pour-on and injectible formulations
*Timing is crucial for treatment
**Larvae residing in winter resting sites, if killed, can lead to bloat and paraplegia
**It is safe to treat in the '''autumn''' before larvae reach their winter resting sites and in the '''spring''' when the warbles have migrated to the midline of the back
**Ivermectin can be given at any time without risking host infection as larval antigen is released much slower
'''Legislation in the UK'''
*'Warble Fly Order 1978' requires all clinically affected animals to be treated
*Notifiable disease
*'Warble Fly Infected Area Order 1983'
*For more information on the warble fly orders, see[http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/notifiable/brucellosis/surveillance.htm|here]
===''Oestrus ovis''===
===''Oestrus ovis''===