Changes

[[Image:Diagram of ruminating contractions.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Diagram of ruminating contractions - Copyright RVC 2008]]

[[Image:Diagram of ruminating contractions.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Diagram of ruminating contractions - Copyright RVC 2008]]

*Reflex initiated by mechanical stimlation of the receptors in the mucosa of the [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]], ruminoreticular fold and cardiac area of the [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]]

*Reflex initiated by mechanical stimulation of the receptors in the mucosa of the [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]], ruminoreticular fold and cardiac area of the [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]]

*Frequency of contractions depends on the animal's activity

*Frequency of contractions depends on the animal's feeding activity and diet contents

*E.g. Cattle fed on hay or straw have the most frequent contractions at 79-100 per hour during feeding, 55-76 per hour during rumination

*E.g. Cattle fed on hay or straw have the most frequent contractions at 79-100 per hour during feeding, 55-76 per hour during rumination

*E.g. Cattle that are resting (not feeding or ruminating) only have contractions 47-80 per hour

*E.g. Cattle that are resting (not feeding or ruminating) only have contractions at 47-80 per hour

*Discrete reticular contraction preceedes biphasic ruminal contraction (see [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminoreticular contraction|ruminoreticular contractions]])

*Discrete reticular contraction preceeds biphasic ruminal contraction (see [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminoreticular contraction|ruminoreticular contractions]])

*Rumination depends upon the coordination of the stomach movements with the thoracic wall and throat

*Regurgitation depends upon the coordination of the stomach movements with the thoracic wall and throat: inspiration against a closed glottis creating a negative pressure in the thorax - allowing ingesta to be drawn into the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]

*Associated with inspiration against a closed glottis creating a negative pressure in the thorax allowing ingesta to be drawn into the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]

*Ingesta carried to the oral cavity via an antiperistaltic wave

*Ingesta carried orally via an antiperistaltic wave

*the process is controlled by rumination centres in the hypothalamus

*Fibre increases stomach motility (type and length of fibre is important)

 

*Fibre increases stomach motility

*Increase in [[Volatile Fatty Acids - Anatomy & Physioogy|volatile fatty acids]] decrease stomach motility

*Increase in [[Volatile Fatty Acids - Anatomy & Physioogy|volatile fatty acids]] decrease stomach motility

==Function==

==Function==