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===Overview===
*Pathogens belong to the ''Mycoplasma'' and ''Ureaplasma'' genera
*Cause many diseases including contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
*Non-pathogenic mycoplasmas present in the rumen
*Live on mucous membranes of oronasal cavity, conjunctiva and intestines
*Usually host-specific
*Limited survival in the environment
====Characteristics===
*Smallest free-living prokaryotic organism
*Pleomorphic organisms
*Have no peptidoglycan cell wall
*Susceptible to dessication, heat and disinfectants
*Require enriched media containing animal protein, sterol and a source of DNA for growth
*Colonies have a fried egg appearance
*Most are facultative anaerobes
*''Ureaplasmas'' produce urease, whereas ''Mycoplasmas'' do not metabolise urea
*Serolgy is required for specific identification
*Growth inhibition tests using specific antisera can be used as well as fluorescent antibody tests
===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
*Mycoplasmas adhere to host cells and produce toxins
*Some adhere to neutrophils and macrophages and prevent phagocytosis
*Mycoplasmas induce proliferation of macrophages and monocytes, and release of cytokines such as TNF and interleukins
*Cause damage to cilia in the respiratory tract leading to pneumonia
===
*Cause [[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In sheep|peritonitis in sheep]] and [[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In goats|peritonitis in goats]] and [[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
*Cause [[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In sheep|peritonitis in sheep]] and [[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In goats|peritonitis in goats]] and [[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
*Can be secondary to [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#In Cattle|IBR]]
*Can be secondary to [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#In Cattle|IBR]]