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'''Lymphocytic - plasmacytic enteritis (LPE)''' is the most common form of [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease - WikiClinical|Inflammatory Bowel Disease]] (IBD).  As its name suggests, the predominant cell type in the intestinal mucosa is [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood|'''lymphocytes''']] and '''plasma cells'''.  Enteric parasites, bacteria in dogs and [[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia #Toxoplasma|''Toxoplasma'']] in cats have been reported to associated with LPE.  This disorder in cats have also been shown to associate with concurrent disease of the pancreas and liver such as [[Pancreatitis - WikiClinical|pancreatitis]], [[Cholangitis/Cholagiohepatitis- WikiClinical|cholangitis]] and [[Hepatic Lipidosis - WikiClinical|hepatic lipidosis]].  LPE is believed to be caused by an abnormal [[Regional Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)]] response to luminal bacterial, dietary or self-antigens.   

'''Lymphocytic - plasmacytic enteritis (LPE)''' is the most common form of [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease - WikiClinical|Inflammatory Bowel Disease]] (IBD).  As its name suggests, the predominant cell type in the intestinal mucosa is [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood|'''lymphocytes''']] and '''plasma cells'''.  Enteric parasites, bacteria in dogs and [[Tissue cyst-forming coccidia #Toxoplasma|''Toxoplasma'']] in cats have been reported to associated with LPE.  This disorder in cats have also been shown to associate with concurrent disease of the pancreas and liver such as [[Pancreatitis - WikiClinical|pancreatitis]], [[Cholangitis/Cholagiohepatitis- WikiClinical|cholangitis]] and [[Hepatic Lipidosis - WikiClinical|hepatic lipidosis]].  LPE is believed to be caused by an abnormal [[Regional Lymphoid Tissue - Anatomy & Physiology|mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)]] response to luminal bacterial, dietary or self-antigens.   

The small intestines are affected to a variable degree of serverity.  It has also been known to affect other parts of the gastrointestinal tract such as the stomach and the colon.  In severely affected animals, this will result in a protein-losing enteropathy (PLE).

The small intestines are affected to a variable degree of severity.  It has also been known to affect other parts of the gastrointestinal tract such as the stomach and the colon.  In severely affected animals, this will result in a protein-losing enteropathy (PLE).

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

===Laboratory Tests===

===Laboratory Tests===

====Haematology====

====Haematology====

*Panhypoproteinaemia (non-sepecific)

*Panhypoproteinaemia (non-specific)

====Biochemistry====

====Biochemistry====

====Other Tests====

====Other Tests====

*Serum trypsin-like immunoassay (TLI) to rule out [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency - WikiClinical|exocrine pancreatic inssuficiency (EPI)]].

*Serum trypsin-like immunoassay (TLI) to rule out [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency - WikiClinical|exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)]].

*Faecal analysis to rule out endoparasite and pathogenic bacteria.

*Faecal analysis to rule out endoparasite and pathogenic bacteria.

===Diagnostic Imaging===

===Diagnostic Imaging===

*Abdominal radiography is unremarkable, but it can be used to eliminate other differential diagnosis.

*Abdominal radiography is unremarkable, but it can be used to eliminate other differential diagnosis.

*Addominal ultrasonography may reveal thickened intestinal walls, mesenteric lymphadenopathy or abdominal effusion.

*Abdominal ultrasonography may reveal thickened intestinal walls, mesenteric lymphadenopathy or abdominal effusion.

===Histopathology===

===Histopathology===

Intestinal biopsy is needed for a definitive diagbosis once all the other differential diagnoses have been eliminated.

Intestinal biopsy is needed for a definitive diagnosis once all the other differential diagnoses have been eliminated.

Refer to [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology #Lymphocytic - Plasmacytic Enteritis|Lymphocytic - Plasmacytic Enteritis]] for pathology.

Refer to [[Intestines Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions - Pathology #Lymphocytic - Plasmacytic Enteritis|Lymphocytic - Plasmacytic Enteritis]] for pathology.