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→Environmental factors
1. Molecular mimicry
1. Molecular mimicry
* Some bacteria and viruses have antigens that resemble host-cell components and the body then also can initiate an immune response against itself.
* Some bacteria and viruses have antigens that resemble host-cell components and the body can then also initiate an immune response against itself.
2. Polyclonal activation
2. Polyclonal activation
* T and B cells activation can occur as a result of an infection resulting in polyclonal activation. This can then cause autoreactive autoantibodys or mediate autoimmunity.
* T and B cells activation can occur as a result of an infection resulting in polyclonal activation. This can then cause autoreactive autoantibodies or mediate autoimmunity.
3. Inappropriatee MHC expression
3. Inappropriate MHC expression
* Autoreactive T cells are activated because infection stimulates APC and upregulates MHC class II.
* Autoreactive T cells are activated because infection stimulates APC and upregulates MHC class II.