Difference between revisions of "Herpesviridae"
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| − | # | + | ==Introduction== |
| + | |||
| + | ===Feline herpesvirus -1=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Feline viral rhinotracheitis in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Rhinitis|rhinitis]] | ||
| + | **One of the causes of Feline viral rhinotracheitis | ||
| + | ***Viruses and bacteria are involved in the complex. The most frequent aetiologic agent is FHV-1, and less frequently feline calicivirus and/or ''Chlamydophia psittaci'' (NB: previously called Chlamydia psittaci var felis) | ||
| + | ***All three agents infect URT respiratory epithelium, although FHV-1 has the highest affinity for this epithelium | ||
| + | ***Feline calicivirus more frequently infects the oral mucosa -> ulcerative stomatitis | ||
| + | ***C.psittaci more frequently infects the conjunctival epithelium -> chronic conjunctivitis | ||
| + | ***Infection of the respiratory epithelium by FHV-1 results in a typical neutrophilic rhinitis with intraepitheial intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, with expected clinical signs | ||
| + | ***Resolution of clinical signs usually occurs by 7-14 days. | ||
| + | ***FHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal ganglion, and can reactivate at times of stress. Can infect the cornea -> ulcerative keratitis. | ||
| + | ***Occasional mortality in kitten or immunocompromised animals usually associated with secondary bacterial infection. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Bovine herpesvirus -1=== | ||
| + | * Bovine herpesvirus - 1 (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) contributes to [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves; and [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Rhinitis|rhinitis]] | ||
| + | *Causes '''Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)''' | ||
| + | *Highly infectious URT disease of cattle | ||
| + | *High morbidity, low mortality | ||
| + | *Aerosol transmission - requires close contact between animals | ||
| + | *BHV-1 infects the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells (intranuclear inclusion eosinophilic inclusion bodies)from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles | ||
| + | **leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity.... serous -> catarrhal -> purulent nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing. | ||
| + | **with secondary bacterial infection (eg: Pasturella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum) can lead to fibrinous to necrotizing inflammation; mucosal sloughing, ulceration... pyrexia, dyspnoea ... inhalation pneumonia... death. | ||
| + | *Clinical signs include coughing, discharge, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate. | ||
| + | *Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the oesophagus and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection. | ||
| + | *Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Alphaherpesviridae== | ||
| + | ==Betaherpesviridae== | ||
| + | ==Gammaherpesviridae== | ||
| + | [[Oral Cavity - Cavity & Gingiva#Malignant Catarrhal Fever|Alcephaline-1 Virus]] | ||
Revision as of 14:01, 17 August 2007
Introduction
Feline herpesvirus -1
- Feline viral rhinotracheitis in rhinitis
- One of the causes of Feline viral rhinotracheitis
- Viruses and bacteria are involved in the complex. The most frequent aetiologic agent is FHV-1, and less frequently feline calicivirus and/or Chlamydophia psittaci (NB: previously called Chlamydia psittaci var felis)
- All three agents infect URT respiratory epithelium, although FHV-1 has the highest affinity for this epithelium
- Feline calicivirus more frequently infects the oral mucosa -> ulcerative stomatitis
- C.psittaci more frequently infects the conjunctival epithelium -> chronic conjunctivitis
- Infection of the respiratory epithelium by FHV-1 results in a typical neutrophilic rhinitis with intraepitheial intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, with expected clinical signs
- Resolution of clinical signs usually occurs by 7-14 days.
- FHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal ganglion, and can reactivate at times of stress. Can infect the cornea -> ulcerative keratitis.
- Occasional mortality in kitten or immunocompromised animals usually associated with secondary bacterial infection.
- One of the causes of Feline viral rhinotracheitis
Bovine herpesvirus -1
- Bovine herpesvirus - 1 (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) contributes to undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea, a mixed viral enteritis in calves; and rhinitis
- Causes Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
- Highly infectious URT disease of cattle
- High morbidity, low mortality
- Aerosol transmission - requires close contact between animals
- BHV-1 infects the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells (intranuclear inclusion eosinophilic inclusion bodies)from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles
- leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity.... serous -> catarrhal -> purulent nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing.
- with secondary bacterial infection (eg: Pasturella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum) can lead to fibrinous to necrotizing inflammation; mucosal sloughing, ulceration... pyrexia, dyspnoea ... inhalation pneumonia... death.
- Clinical signs include coughing, discharge, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate.
- Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the oesophagus and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection.
- Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation