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{{toplink
 
{{toplink
|backcolour = f5fffa
   
|linkpage =Subcutaneous Mycoses
 
|linkpage =Subcutaneous Mycoses
 
|linktext =SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
 
|linktext =SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
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|pagetype =Bugs
 
|pagetype =Bugs
 
}}
 
}}
==<font color="purple">Chromoblastomycosis</font>==
+
===Chromoblastomycosis===
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
+
<FlashCard questions="1">
!width="400"|'''Question'''
+
|q1=How do chromoblastomycosis infections spread in the host?
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
+
|a1=
!width="150"|'''Article'''
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*By the lymphatic system
|-
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*Disseminates to other tissues and organs
|<big>'''How do chromoblastomycosis infections spread in the host?'''
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|l1=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Chromoblastomycosis
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
</FlashCard>
*'''''By the lymphatic system'''''
+
===Chromomycosis===
*'''''Disseminates to other tissues and organs'''''
+
<FlashCard questions="2">
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Chromoblastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q1=Which species do the majority of chromomycosis infections occur in?
|}
+
|a1=
<br>
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*Dogs
==<font color="purple">Chromomycosis</font>==
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*Horses
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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*Humans
!width="400"|'''Question'''
+
|l1=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Chromomycosis
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|q2=What clinical signs would you see in an infected animal?
!width="150"|'''Article'''
+
|a2=
|-
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*Regional granulomatous lymphadenitis
|<big>'''Which species do the majority of chromomycosis infections occur in?'''
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*Nodular and ulcerating lesions of the skin on the feet, legs and occasionally eyes
||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l2=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Chromomycosis
*'''''Dogs'''''
+
</FlashCard>
*'''''Horses'''''
+
===Epizootic lymphangitis===
*'''''Humans'''''
+
<FlashCard questions="4">
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Chromomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|q1=In which species does infection occur and which fungi is responsible?
|-
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|a1=
|<big>'''What clinical signs would you see in an infected animal?'''
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*Equidae
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
*Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
*'''''Regional granulomatous lymphadenitis'''''
+
|l1=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Epizootic Lymphangitis
*'''''Nodular and ulcerating lesions of the skin on the feet, legs and occasionally eyes'''''
+
|q2=How is epizootic lymphangitis spread between animals?
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Chromomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|a2=
|}
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*Biting flies
<br>
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*Direct contact
==<font color="purple">Epizootic lymphangitis</font>==
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*Indirect contact
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
+
|l2=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Epizootic Lymphangitis
!width="400"|'''Question'''
+
|q3=Which organs/bodily systems are commonly affected by epizootic lymphangitis and where do clinical signs usually present on the body?
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
+
|a3=
!width="150"|'''Article'''
+
*Lymphatic system
|-
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*Skin
|<big>'''In which species does infection occur and which fungi is responsible?'''
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*Ulcerative lesions usually occur on the neck and limbs
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|l3=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Epizootic Lymphangitis
*'''''Equidae'''''
+
|q4=How would you treat and prevent infection?
*'''''Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum'''''
+
|a4=
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Epizootic Lymphangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
*Amphotericin B, haymycin or potassium iodide
|-
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*Vaccination
|<big>'''How is epizootic lymphangitis spread between animals?'''
+
*Injection of hyperimmune serum around a lesion
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|l4=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Epizootic Lymphangitis
*'''''Biting flies'''''
+
</FlashCard>
*'''''Direct contact'''''
+
===Eumycotic Mycetoma===
*'''''Indirect contact'''''
+
<FlashCard questions="3">
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Epizootic Lymphangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|q1=What type of lesion does eumycotic mycetoma cause?
|-
+
|a1=Granulomatous abscesses
|<big>'''Which organs/bodily systems are commonly affected by epizootic lymphangitis and where do clinical signs usually present on the body?'''
+
|l1=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Eumycotic Mycetoma
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|q2=Which species are usually affected and are infections common or rare?
*'''''Lymphatic system'''''
+
|a2=
*'''''Skin'''''
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*Dogs
*'''''Ulcerative lesions usually occur on the neck and limbs'''''
+
*Horses
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Epizootic Lymphangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
*Cats
|-
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*Cattle
|<big>'''How would you treat and prevent infection?'''
+
*Infection is rare
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|l2=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Eumycotic Mycetoma
*'''''Amphotericin B, haymycin or potassium iodide'''''
+
|q3=How would you treat an infection?
*'''''Vaccination'''''
+
|a3=
*'''''Injection of hyperimmune serum around a lesion'''''
+
*Amphotericin B
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Epizootic Lymphangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Ketoconazole
|}
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*5-fluorocytosine
<br>
+
|l3=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Eumycotic Mycetoma
==<font color="purple">Eumycotic Mycetoma</font>==
+
</FlashCard>
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
+
===Hyphomycosis===
!width="400"|'''Question'''
+
<FlashCard questions="4">
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
+
|q1=Which fungi causes hyphomycosis?
!width="150"|'''Article'''
+
|a1=Hyphomyces destruens
|-
+
|l1=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Hyphomycosis
|<big>'''What type of lesion does eumycotic mycetoma cause?'''
+
|q2=Which species are affected and in which countries is hyphomycosis most prevalent?
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|a2=
*'''''Granulomatous abscesses'''''
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*Horses
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Eumycotic Mycetoma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Tropical and semi-tropical countries
|-
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|l2=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Hyphomycosis
|<big>'''Which species are usually affected and are infections common or rare?'''
+
|q3=Describe the pathogenesis?
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|a3=
*'''''Dogs'''''
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*Progressive disease
*'''''Horses'''''
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*Granulating and ulcerating lesions on the legs and lower body
*'''''Cats'''''
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*Lesions grow rapidly
*'''''Cattle'''''
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*Lesions cause extreme debility
*'''''Infection is rare'''''
+
|l3=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Hyphomycosis
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Eumycotic Mycetoma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|q4=How are hyphomycosis infections treated and is it easy or difficult to cure?
|-
+
|a4=
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
+
*Difficult to treat
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
*Radical surgical excision
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
+
|l4=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Hyphomycosis
*'''''Ketoconazole'''''
+
</FlashCard>
*'''''5-fluorocytosine'''''
+
===Pythiosis===
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Eumycotic Mycetoma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
<FlashCard questions="3">
|}
+
|q1=Which disease is caused by pythiosis infections?
<br>
+
|a1=Mycotic swamp fever
==<font color="purple">Hyphomycosis</font>==
+
|l1=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Pythiosis
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
+
|q2=Which are the clinical signs of infection?
!width="400"|'''Question'''
+
|a2=
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
+
*Granulomatous lesions
!width="150"|'''Article'''
+
*Necrosis with fistulous tracts
|-
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*Yellow lesions
|<big>'''Which fungi causes hyphomycosis?'''
+
*Progressive disease (rather than systemic)
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|l2=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Pythiosis
*'''''Hyphomyces destruens'''''
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|q3=How would you treat an infection?
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Hyphomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|a3=Surgical excision
|-
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|l3=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Pythiosis
|<big>'''Which species are affected and in which countries is hyphomycosis most prevalent?'''
+
</FlashCard>
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
===Rhinosporidiosis===
*'''''Horses'''''
+
<FlashCard questions="3">
*'''''Tropical and semi-tropical countries'''''
+
|q1=What type of disease does ''Rhinosporidium seeberi'' cause?
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Hyphomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|a1=
|-
+
*Chronic
|<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis?'''
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*Benign
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|l1=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Rhinosporidiosis
*'''''Progressive disease'''''
+
|q2=What are the clinical signs of infection?
*'''''Granulating and ulcerating lesions on the legs and lower body'''''
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|a2=Nasal and ocular polyps
*'''''Lesions grow rapidly'''''
+
|l2=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Rhinosporidiosis
*'''''Lesions cause extreme debility'''''
+
|q3=How would you treat an infection?
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Hyphomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|a3=Surgical excision
|-
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|l3=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Rhinosporidiosis
|<big>'''How are hyphomycosis infections treated and is it easy or difficult to cure?'''
+
</FlashCard>
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
===Sporotrichosis===
*'''''Difficult to treat'''''
+
<FlashCard questions="6">
*'''''Radical surgical excision'''''
+
|q1=Which fungi causes sporotrichosis?
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Hyphomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|a1=Sporothrix schenckii
|}
+
|l1=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis
<br>
+
|q2=True or False: Sporotrichosis only occurs in Europe
==<font color="purple">Pythiosis</font>==
+
|a2=
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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*False
!width="400"|'''Question'''
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*Sporotrichosis occurs worldwide
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
+
|l2=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis
!width="150"|'''Article'''
+
|q3=Which organs/bodily systems are affected?
|-
+
|a3=
|<big>'''Which disease is caused by pythiosis infections?'''
+
*Spread is via the lymphatic system
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
*Bones
*'''''Mycotic swamp fever'''''
+
*Viscera
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Pythiosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|l3=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis
|-
+
|q4=Which other subcutaneous infection of horses can sporotrichosis be confused with and why?
|<big>'''Which are the clinical signs of infection?'''
+
|a4=
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
*Epizootic lymphangitis
*'''''Granulomatous lesions'''''
+
*Causes an ascending lymphocutaneous infection of the legs
*'''''Necrosis with fistulous tracts'''''
+
|l4=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis
*'''''Yellow lesions'''''
+
|q5=Which mediums are used for culture?
*'''''Progressive disease (rather than systemic)'''''
+
|a5=
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Pythiosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
*Sabauraud's Dextrose agar
|-
+
*Blood agar
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
+
|l5=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|q6=How would you treat an infection?
*'''''Surgical excision'''''
+
|a6=
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Pythiosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
*Potassium iodide orally
|}
+
*Amphotericin B
<br>
+
*5-fluorocytosine
==<font color="purple">Rhinosporidiosis</font>==
+
|l6=Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
+
</FlashCard>
!width="400"|'''Question'''
  −
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
  −
!width="150"|'''Article'''
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''What type of disease does ''Rhinosporidium seeberi'' cause?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Chronic'''''
  −
*'''''Benign'''''
  −
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Rhinosporidiosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''What are the clinical signs of infection?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Nasal and ocular polyps'''''
  −
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Rhinosporidiosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Surgical excision'''''
  −
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Rhinosporidiosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|}
  −
<br>
  −
==<font color="purple">Sporotrichosis</font>==
  −
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
  −
!width="400"|'''Question'''
  −
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
  −
!width="150"|'''Article'''
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Which fungi causes sporotrichosis?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Sporothrix schenckii'''''
  −
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''True or False: Sporotrichosis only occurs in Europe'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''False'''''
  −
*'''''Sporotrichosis occurs worldwide
  −
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Which organs/bodily systems are affected?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Spread is via the lymphatic system'''''
  −
*'''''Bones'''''
  −
*'''''Viscera'''''
  −
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Which other subcutaneous infection of horses can sporotrichosis be confused with and why?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Epizootic lymphangitis'''''
  −
*'''''Causes an ascending lymphocutaneous infection of the legs'''''
  −
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Which mediums are used for culture?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Sabauraud's Dextrose agar'''''
  −
*'''''Blood agar'''''
  −
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Potassium iodide orally'''''
  −
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
  −
*'''''5-fluorocytosine'''''
  −
||[[Subcutaneous Mycoses#Sporotrichosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|}
 

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