Difference between revisions of "Asfarviridae"
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=Virulence and Pathogenesis= | =Virulence and Pathogenesis= | ||
*Infects either '''upper respiratory tract''' or '''skin''' via '''ticks''' | *Infects either '''upper respiratory tract''' or '''skin''' via '''ticks''' | ||
− | *Enters bloodstream in [[Monocytes - WikiBlood]] | + | *Enters bloodstream in [[[[Monocytes - WikiBlood|monocytes]]]] |
*Reaches viscera and bone marrow within days | *Reaches viscera and bone marrow within days | ||
*Induces a '''clotting defect''' and '''hemolysis''' in red blood cells | *Induces a '''clotting defect''' and '''hemolysis''' in red blood cells |
Revision as of 17:38, 23 February 2010
This article is still under construction. |
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Introduction
Asfarviridae receives it's name from African Swine Fever virus, which is derived from any of this family of viruses. ASF is a serious exotic virus that should not be confused with Classical Swine Fever.
Morphology
- Large, enveloped, icosahedral, cytoplasmic DNA virus
Virulence and Pathogenesis
- Infects either upper respiratory tract or skin via ticks
- Enters bloodstream in [[monocytes]]
- Reaches viscera and bone marrow within days
- Induces a clotting defect and hemolysis in red blood cells
- Also affects lymphocytes:
- Infects Th cells and causes them not to produce B-stimulating cytokines
- Antigen-stimulated B-cells undergo apoptosis rather than producing antibody
- General cell signal transduction is blocked, decreasing non-specific immunity
Acute Virus (Africa)
- Clinical Signs:
- Nasal discharge, diarrhoea, reddening of the skin
- Death within 7 days
- PM: widespread internal hemorrhage
Subacute Virus (Europe)
- PM: Petechial hemorrhages may be seen under kidney capsule
- Mortality: 30-70%
- Survivors may lose body condition, have skin ulcers and joint swelling
Epidemiology
- Can persist on infected premises for months
- Subacute recovered pigs become antibody-positive carriers
- Transfer:
- Africa: vertical transfer between soft ticks
- Europe/Africa: direct contact with carrier pigs, aerosol, infected swill, etc.
Diagnosis
- Mortalities with widespread hemorrhage, particularly in lymph nodes
- Test to distinguish from Classical Swine Fever and Porcine Circoviruses
- Immunofluorescence
- PCR
Control
- No vaccine is available
Prevention:
- Boiling swill
- Isolation of sick pigs, domestic pigs from wild pigs
- Keep pigs on concrete, not soil (to lessen tick contact)