|
|
| (13 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | {{review}}
| |
| | | | |
| − | {{toplink
| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Nuisance Flies]] |
| − | |backcolour =
| |
| − | |linkpage =Insecta
| |
| − | |linktext =INSECTA
| |
| − | |pagetype=Bugs
| |
| − | |sublink1=Parasites
| |
| − | |subtext1=PARASITES
| |
| − | }}
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Introduction==
| |
| − | [[Image:Muscidae Close Up.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Muscidae sp. - Copyright Alan Hadley]]
| |
| − | [[Image:Musca domestica.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Musca domestica - Joaquim Alves Gaspar, Lisboa, Portugal (Wikimedia Commons)]]
| |
| − | The family ''Muscidae'' contains many non-biting (nuisance) flies and [[Biting Flies - WikiBlood|blood sucking (biting) flies]]. There are only two nuisance flies of veterinary importance, these are the ''Musca'' spp. and ''Hydrotaea''.
| |
| − | | |
| − | Nuisance flies are not only irritating to animals, but can also carry serious diseases and so should be controlled from an animal welfare point of view.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==''Musca'' spp.==
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Also known as 'house' and 'face' flies
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Includes ''Musca domestica'' the house fly and ''Musca autumnalis'' the face fly
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Found in temperate regions
| |
| − | | |
| − | *The house fly is present both inside and outside of buildings
| |
| − | | |
| − | *The face fly is one of the most numerous flies which annoy cattle
| |
| − | **Attracted to the head and upper parts of the body
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | '''Recognition'''
| |
| − | *7.5mm long
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Sponge-like labellum mouthparts
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Grey thorax with longitudinal stripes
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Yellow abdomen with a single black stripe
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | '''Life Cycle'''
| |
| − | *Eggs laid in rotting manure, hatch and pass through pupal and larval stages before emerging
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Eggs hatch within 12 hours of being deposited
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Life cycle takes '''12 days'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Flies may overwinter as adults
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | '''Pathogenesis'''
| |
| − | *Production losses
| |
| − | **Reduced weight gain
| |
| − | **Reduced milk yield
| |
| − | **'''Fly worry'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Disease transmission
| |
| − | **Viruses
| |
| − | ***E.g. Coxsackie, enteroviruses, poliomyelitis
| |
| − | **Bacteria
| |
| − | ***E.g. [[Bacillus species#Bacillus anthracis|Anthrax]], [[Escherichia coli|''E.coli'']], [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']], [[Shigella|''Shigella'']], [[Moraxella bovis|New Forest Eye Disease]]
| |
| − | **Helminths
| |
| − | ***E.g. Intermediate hosts for [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Helminths|''Habronema'']] in horses, some poultry tapeworms, [[Parafilaria spp.|''Parafiliaria'']] and ''Thelazia'' in cattle
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Feeds on secretions from the eyes, nose and mouth as well as blood left in wounds by other flies
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Control'''
| |
| − | *Fly control in breeding and resting sites (to reduce the source)
| |
| − | **Breeding sites:
| |
| − | ***Good sanitation
| |
| − | ***Collect dung in heaps
| |
| − | ***Spray surface of heaps with insecticide to kill surviving adults and larvae
| |
| − | ***Biological control
| |
| − | **Resting sites:
| |
| − | ***Spray inside and outsides of buildings with insecticide
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Fly control on the host
| |
| − | **Wide range of products available
| |
| − | **Nil or short withdrawal period needed for milking animals or animals going for slaughter
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==''Hydrotaea irritans''==
| |
| − | [[Image:Hydrotaea irritans.jpg|thumb|right|150px|H.irritans female - Copyright Alan Hadley]]
| |
| − | [[Image:Hydrotaea irritans male.jpg|thumb|right|150px|H.irritans male - Copyright Alan Hadley]]
| |
| − | *Also known as the 'head fly'
| |
| − | | |
| − | *''Hydrotaea irritans'' the main species of veterinary importance
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Mainly a problem of sheep
| |
| − | **In some areas is the most numerous fly of cattle and horses
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Recognition'''
| |
| − | *Similar to ''Musca'' spp.
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Olive green abdomen
| |
| − | | |
| − | *4-7mm in length
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Life Cycle'''
| |
| − | *Eggs laid in decaying vegetation, faeces and in carrion (in the summer months)
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Emerging larvae overwinter ('''diapause''') and pupate in spring
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Adult flies emerge in the summer
| |
| − | | |
| − | *One generation per year
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Pathogenesis'''
| |
| − | *Cattle:
| |
| − | **Head flies may transmit summer mastitis
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Sheep:
| |
| − | **Extreme irritation
| |
| − | ***Mouthparts rasp the skin to feed on secretions and exudate
| |
| − | **Self-inflicted damage
| |
| − | ***E.g. 'Broken Head'
| |
| − | **Secondary bacterial infection may occur
| |
| − | **Blowfly strike may follow
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==[[Insecta Flashcards - WikiBugs#Nuisance Flies|Nuisance Flies Flashcards]]==
| |