*Found in ligamentum nuchae and gastrosplenic ligament (UK), skin and muscle (overseas)
*Found in ligamentum nuchae and gastrosplenic ligament (UK), skin and muscle (overseas)
−
*Indirect life cycle (intermediate hosts: black fly, ‘’Simulium’’ species and biting midge, ‘’Culicoides’’ species)
+
*Indirect life cycle (intermediate hosts: black fly, ‘’Simulium’’ species and biting midge, [[Ceratopogonidae|‘’Culicoides’’ species]])
*Little or no significance (UK); subcutaneous and intramuscular nodules may cause economic loss due to carcass trimming (overseas).[[Category:Filarioidea]]
*Little or no significance (UK); subcutaneous and intramuscular nodules may cause economic loss due to carcass trimming (overseas).[[Category:Filarioidea]]