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Created page with '{{unfinished}} == General Appearance == [[Image:Toxocara cati.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxocara cati'' - Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterina…'
{{unfinished}}
== General Appearance ==
[[Image:Toxocara cati.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxocara cati'' - Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine]]
[[Image:Toxoscaris leonina.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxoscaris leonina'' - Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine]]
[[Image:Toxocara canis.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxocara canis'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
[[Image:Toxoscaris leonina 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxoscaris leonina'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
*Non-bursate
*Big fleshy worms; typically 5-40cm long (depending on age, sex and species)
*Three lips around the mouth
*A single-bulbed pharynx
== General Life-Cycle ==
*Adult females in small intestine lay eggs
*Eggs have a thick protective shell
*Some also have a sticky outer albuminoid coat
*Eggs passed in faeces
*L1 → infective L2 inside the egg
*Infection is by ingestion of the embryonated egg (egg in which a larva has formed)
*Eggs can remain viable in humid environment for up to 5 years
*After hatching in the intestine, the larvae of most species (but not all) undergo hepato-tracheal migration:
**egg hatches in intestine → larva penetrates intestinal mucosa → hepatic portal blood → liver → venous blood → heart → lung capillaries → alveoli → ascends trachea → swallowed → small intestine (where the adults develop)
NOTE: there are important variations on this theme; for example, the migratory larvae of some species can cross
the placenta or enter the mammary glands (examples of vertical transmission); while some species will utilise
paratenic or intermediate hosts.
[[Ascaridida]]
Occlusion of pancreatic ducts sometimes happens [[Pancreas Parasitic - Pathology|Pancreas - parasitic]]
In [[Peritoneal Cavity Parasitic - Pathology]]
*''Parascaris equorum'' in [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#In Horses|rhinitis and lungs]]
*Ascarid larvae in [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Nematodes|myositis]]
[[Category:Non-Bursate_Nematodes]]
== General Appearance ==
[[Image:Toxocara cati.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxocara cati'' - Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine]]
[[Image:Toxoscaris leonina.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxoscaris leonina'' - Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine]]
[[Image:Toxocara canis.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxocara canis'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
[[Image:Toxoscaris leonina 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxoscaris leonina'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
*Non-bursate
*Big fleshy worms; typically 5-40cm long (depending on age, sex and species)
*Three lips around the mouth
*A single-bulbed pharynx
== General Life-Cycle ==
*Adult females in small intestine lay eggs
*Eggs have a thick protective shell
*Some also have a sticky outer albuminoid coat
*Eggs passed in faeces
*L1 → infective L2 inside the egg
*Infection is by ingestion of the embryonated egg (egg in which a larva has formed)
*Eggs can remain viable in humid environment for up to 5 years
*After hatching in the intestine, the larvae of most species (but not all) undergo hepato-tracheal migration:
**egg hatches in intestine → larva penetrates intestinal mucosa → hepatic portal blood → liver → venous blood → heart → lung capillaries → alveoli → ascends trachea → swallowed → small intestine (where the adults develop)
NOTE: there are important variations on this theme; for example, the migratory larvae of some species can cross
the placenta or enter the mammary glands (examples of vertical transmission); while some species will utilise
paratenic or intermediate hosts.
[[Ascaridida]]
Occlusion of pancreatic ducts sometimes happens [[Pancreas Parasitic - Pathology|Pancreas - parasitic]]
In [[Peritoneal Cavity Parasitic - Pathology]]
*''Parascaris equorum'' in [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#In Horses|rhinitis and lungs]]
*Ascarid larvae in [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Nematodes|myositis]]
[[Category:Non-Bursate_Nematodes]]