| Line 51: |
Line 51: |
| | *Slide agglutination tests for virulence of isolates | | *Slide agglutination tests for virulence of isolates |
| | | | |
| − | | + | [[Bordetella bronchiseptica]] |
| − | ===Infectious canine tracheitis/Kennel cough===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *''B. bronchiseptica'' acts as a primary pathogen in [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Infectious canine tracheitis|Infectious canine tracheitis]]
| |
| − | *Frequently isolated from dogs with respiratory disease
| |
| − | *Often found with viruses or mycoplasma
| |
| − | *Adheres to ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea
| |
| − | *Colonisation and proliferation in trachea
| |
| − | *Releases toxins causing epithelial necrosis and prevents ciliary clearance
| |
| − | *Irritation to tract causes coughing
| |
| − | *Mortality rates low
| |
| − | *Peribronchial inflammation and [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchopneumonia|bronchopneumonia]]
| |
| − | can result in unvaccinated puppies or immunosuppressed dogs
| |
| − | *Severe pneumonia following secondary infection e.g. with [[streptococci|Streptococci]]
| |
| − | *Fatal [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchopneumonia|bronchopneumonia]] if occurs secondary to [[Paramyxoviridae#Canine distemper virus|canine distemper virus]]
| |
| − | *Transmission via respiratory secretions by direct contact or aerosol and on fomites
| |
| − | *Clinical signs:
| |
| − | **Develop within 3-4 days; persist for up to 2 weeks
| |
| − | **Coughing
| |
| − | **Gagging
| |
| − | **Mild serous oculonasal discharge
| |
| − | *Treatments includes antibiotics if coughing persists or bronchopneumonia develops
| |
| − | *Live intranasal vaccines
| |
| − | *Also found in respiratory tract of cats; can cause pneumonia in kittens; vaccine available
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Atrophic Rhinitis===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *''B. bronchiseptica'' causes [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Bacterial rhinitis|Atrophic rhinitis of pigs]] in association with [[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pasteurella multocida'']]
| |
| − | *Colonises nasopharynx
| |
| − | *Infection must occur during first few weeks of life
| |
| − | *Produces dermonecrotic toxin which damages osteoblasts, preventing bone formation
| |
| − | *Leads to turbinate atrophy without distortion of the snout in uncomplicated infections
| |
| − | *[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Bacterial rhinitis|Atrophic rhinitis]] results when [[Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica|''Pateurella multocida'']] colonises and produces osteolytic toxin, leading to bone resorption
| |
| − | *Malformation of snout in growing pigs as well as poor growth
| |
| − | *increases with high stocking density and poor ventilation
| |
| − | *Vaccine available
| |
| | | | |
| | ===Turkey coryza=== | | ===Turkey coryza=== |