|
|
| (17 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Chlamydophila species]] |
| − | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ''Chlamydophila psittaci'' involved in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#In Cats|feline rhinotracheitis]] together with [[Herpesviridae|herpes virus 1]] C.psittaci more frequently infects the conjunctival epithelium -> chronic conjunctivitis, see [[Bacterial infections#Feline Chlamydiosis|feline chlamydiosis]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | *May cause [[Joints - inflammatory#In Sheep|arthritis in sheep]] and [[Joints - inflammatory#In Cattle|arthritis in cattle]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Overview===
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Characteristics===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Obligate intracellular bacteria
| |
| − | *Gram negative bacteria with outer membrane, LPS, ribosomes, DNA and RNA
| |
| − | *Peptidoglycan cell wall resistant to lysozyme
| |
| − | *Only grow in presence of living eukaryotic cells
| |
| − | *Unable to synthesis ATP therefore require intermediates from host cells
| |
| − | *Grow in embyonated eggs and McCoy cells as well as animal tissues
| |
| − | *Not stained by Gram stain
| |
| − | *Kosters (modified Ziehl-Neelson, small red rods) or fluorescent antibody stain required for detection
| |
| − | *Blue inclusions in cytoplasm of Giemsa-stained cels
| |
| − | *Antigen detection kits for diagnosis from swabs
| |
| − | *Two morphological forms
| |
| − | **Elementary body, the infective extracellular form, which is small, metabolically inert and osmotically stable; surrounded by cytoplasmic membrane, outer membrane with LPS, but no peptidoglycan
| |
| − | **Retiuculate body: larger, metabolically active, osmotically fragile
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Elementary body enters host epithelial cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis
| |
| − | *Transformation into larger reticulate body within endosome; known as an inclusion
| |
| − | *Reticulate body divides by binary fission to form many new chlamydia cells
| |
| − | *Reticulate bodies mature and condense to form elementary bodies
| |
| − | *Elementary bodies released from dying host cells after about 72 hours to infect other cells
| |
| − | *Persistent infections can occur if replication delayed by environmental conditions
| |
| − | *Many infections subclinical due to intracellular existence of ''chlamydia'' preventing inflammatory reactions
| |
| − | *Clinical infections occur in non-natural host species
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===''Chlamydophila psittaci''===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Causes notifiable psittacosis in birds
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===''Chlamydophila abortus''===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Ovine enzootic abortion
| |
| − | *Contagious ovine abortion in late pregnancy
| |
| − | *Infection via ingestion or inhalation causes a bacteraemia
| |
| − | *Bacteria localise in placenta and cause placentitis, leading to abortion
| |
| − | *Abortion rates may reach 30%
| |
| − | *Fertility not impaired
| |
| − | *Survival of elementary bodies in faeces and wild birds are a source of infection from one lambing season to the next
| |
| − | *Ewes may be carriers for several years
| |
| − | *Venereal transmission from infected rams
| |
| − | *Some immunity develops after infection, protecting ewes from subsequent disease
| |
| − | *Vaccines prevent infection but will not clear infection from persistently-infected animals
| |
| − | *Vaccination of ewe lambs
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===''Chlamydophila felis''===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Host adapted species in cats
| |
| − | *Feline interstitial pneumonia and conjunctivitis
| |
| − | *Diagnosis by antigen detection in ocular/nasal secretions - ELISA, PCR, Kosters, fluorescent antibody test
| |
| − | *Vaccine
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Diagnosis===
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Treatments===
| |