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| − | * Cause [[Intestines - disease due to pathogens|intestinal disease]]
| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Yersinia species]] |
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| − | ===Overview===
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| − | *Cause disease in animals and are important zoonoses
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| − | *10 species of which ''Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis amd Yersinia enterocolitica'' are pathogenic to animals and humnans
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| − | *Rodents provide a reservoir of ''Yersinia pestis'', which is the cause of human plague; fleas transmit the infection to other animals and humans
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| − | *''Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and enterocolitica'' reside in the intestine of domestic and wild animals and birds
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| − | *Birds may cause mechanical transfer of the organisms
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| − | ===Characteristics===
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| − | *Enterobacteria, but grow more slowly and at lower temperatures than other enterobacteria
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| − | *Gram negative, non-spore forming, facultative anaerobes - rods or colibacilli
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| − | *Non-lactose fermentors
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| − | *Facultative intracellular pathogens
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| − | *Show bipolar staining in Giemsa-stained smears from animal tissue
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| − | *Pathogenic strains identified by serotyping and biotyping
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| − | ===Pathogenesis===
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| − | *Invasive ''Yersinia'' grow inside macrophages
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| − | *Survive in phagolysosomes and do not interfere with degranulation or lysosomal fusion
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| − | *Resistant to macrophage killing mechanisms
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| − | *The bacteria destroy macrophages in lymph nodes, liver and spleen, causing septicaemia
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| − | ===Clnical infections===
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| − | ===Diagnosis===
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| − | ===Control===
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| − | ===Treatment===
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