Difference between revisions of "Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica"

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<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Pasteurella and Mannheimia species]]
<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
 
 
 
 
 
* [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#Peritonitis|Peritonitis in sheep]]
 
* [[General Pathology - Oedema#Permeability type|Permeability types of pulmonary oedema]].
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
===Overview ''Pasteurella'' and ''Mannheimia''===
 
 
 
*Common commensals of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract mucosa of animals
 
*Usually opportunistic organisms, causing disease during times of stress, low resistance or concurrent infection
 
*Not part of the human bacterial flora
 
*Small Gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli
 
*Facultative anaerobes
 
*Oxidase-positive
 
*May show bipolar staining with polychrome stains such as Wright's stain
 
*Capsules contain acidic polysaccharides
 
 
 
 
 
===''Pasteurella'' Properties===
 
 
 
*Catarrhal odour
 
*Produce endotoxins which cause host damage and death
 
*Their capsules resist phagocytosis
 
 
 
 
 
===''Pasteurella multocida''===
 
 
 
*Large grey colonies on blood agar
 
*Not haemolytic
 
*Do not grow on MacConkey
 
*Five capsular serotypes, A,B,D,E and F
 
*Primary and secondary pathogen
 
*Responsible for secondary infections following primary viral and mycoplasmal infections, especially in the lungs, for example during [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]] and pigs
 
* Can cause vascular fragility, leading to [[General Pathology - Haemostasis#Haemorrhagic Disease Due To Vascular Fragility|haemorrhagic disease]].
 
 
 
 
 
*Typa A
 
**Commensal in upper respiratory tract of animals in UK
 
**Primary pathogen in avian cholera - a septicaemia in chickens and turkeys
 
**Secondary pathogen commomly repsonsible for dog and cat bite wound infections in humans and animals
 
**Feline pyothorax and other serositides and[[Muscles - inflammatory#Abscesses|cellulitis]] in cats
 
**Some strains involved in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Bacterial rhinitis|Atrophic rhinitis of pigs]], and produce osteolytic toxin
 
**Involved in [[Bacterial infections#In Rabbits|'Snuffles' in rabbits]], a mucopurulent rhinosinitis
 
 
 
*Type B
 
**Causes Haemorrhagic Septicaemia of cattle in Southern Europe and Asia
 
 
 
*Type D
 
**Primary and secondary pathogen
 
**Causes [[Bacterial infections#In Pigs|atrophic rhinitis]] along with [[Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella avium|''Bordetella bronchiseptica'']] in pigs
 
**''Pasteurella multocida'' adhere to epithelium damaged by [[Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella avium|''Bordetella bronchiseptica'']]
 
**Produces an osteolytic toxin (Pmt), which stimulates osteoclasts, inducing bone resorption of the nasal turbinates
 
 
 
*Type E
 
**Causes African Bovine Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
 
 
 
 
 
===''Pasteurella pneumotropica''===
 
 
 
*Carried in nasopharynx of many small rodents
 
*Causes pneumonia in rodents as a secondary disease
 
 
 
===''Pasteurella trehalosi''===
 
 
 
*T biotypes - trehalose fermenters
 
*Pneumonia in ruminants
 
*Septicaemic pasteurellosis in feeder lambs
 
*Mastitis in sheep
 
 
 
===''Pasteurella canis''===
 
 
 
*Pneumonia in dogs
 
*Occasionally infects wounds
 
 
 
===''Pasteurella caballi''===
 
 
 
*Equine respiratory tract disease, usually in association with ''Streptococcus equi'' subspecies [[Streptococci#S. zooepidemicus|''S. zooepidemicus'']]
 
*Equine peritonitis
 
 
 
===''Pasteurella aerogenes''===
 
 
 
*Associated with gastroenteritis and abortion in swine
 
 
 
 
 
===''Mannheimia''===
 
 
 
===''Mannheimia haemolytica''===
 
 
 
*Cause of epizootic pneumonia in cattle known as Shipping Fever, Transit Fever or [[Bacterial infections#Pneumonic pasteurellosis|pneumonic pasteurellosis]] (90% caused by ''Mannheimia haemolytica'' Biotype A, serotype 1 but also ''Pasteurella multocida''
 
*Usually secondary to viral infections such as [[Viral infections#Parainfluenza- 3|parainfluenza - 3]] or [[Viral infections#In Cattle|IBR]], bacterial infections such as ''Mycoplasma'' or environmental stress
 
*May contribute to [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
 
*Enzootic pneumonia in sheep
 
*Septicaemia in young lambs
 
*Causes mastitis in sheep
 
*Beta-haemolytic on blood agar
 
*Grow weakly on MacConkey agar
 
*Odourless
 
*All are ''Mannheimia'' A biotypes (previously ''Pasterurella haemolytica'')
 
*Strains often produce a cytotoxin, known as leukotoxin, which kills leukocytes of ruminants
 
*Leukotoxin is a member of the RTX group toxins, and is probably largely responsible for the pathogenicity of the bacteria in septicaemia and pneumonia
 
 
 
===''Mannheimia glucosida''===
 
 
 
*Previously biotype A11
 
*Respiratory condition of ruminants
 

Latest revision as of 12:17, 14 May 2010