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Created page with '*Causes glanders, a contagious disease of ''Equidae'' *Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin *Largely erad…'
*Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Glanders|glanders]], a contagious disease of ''Equidae''
*Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin
*Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
*Pathogenesis:
**Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae''; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
**Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
**Presence of ''B. mallei'' in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
*Clinical infections:
**Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
**Chronic disease more common:
***Nasal form: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
***Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
***Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
***May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
**Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
*Diagnosis:
**Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
**Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
**Complement fixation and agglutination
**Serology
**Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
*Treatment/control:
**Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
**Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
[[Category:Pseudomonas_and_Burkholderia_species]][[Category:Horse]]
*Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin
*Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
*Pathogenesis:
**Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae''; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
**Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
**Presence of ''B. mallei'' in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
*Clinical infections:
**Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
**Chronic disease more common:
***Nasal form: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
***Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
***Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
***May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
**Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
*Diagnosis:
**Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
**Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
**Complement fixation and agglutination
**Serology
**Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
*Treatment/control:
**Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
**Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
[[Category:Pseudomonas_and_Burkholderia_species]][[Category:Horse]]