Changes

==Reproductive disorders in the female==

==Reproductive disorders in the female==

Donkeys are prone to [[Hyperlipaemia - Donkey|hyperlipaemia]] and hepatic lipidosis during pregnancy, often complicated by hepato-encephalopathy, hypocalcaemia, azotaemia, hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and acidosis (Tarrant ''et al'', 1998). '''Retained placenta and hypocalcaemia''' may be seen in stressed animals.

Donkeys are prone to [[Hyperlipaemia - Donkey|hyperlipaemia]] and hepatic lipidosis during pregnancy, often complicated by hepato-encephalopathy, hypocalcaemia, azotaemia, hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and acidosis (Tarrant ''et al'', 1998). '''Retained placenta and hypocalcaemia''' may be seen in stressed animals.

'''Abortion''' has been cited as a major problem in working equines (Pearson ''et al'', 2003). Infectious causes of abortion in donkeys are similar to those reported in horses, the most commonly reported being [[Equine Herpesvirus 1|EHV-1]] (Tewari ''et al'', 1994), ''Leptospira'' (Arora and Baxi, 1978), [[Streptococci|''Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus'']] (Giorgi ''et al'', 1984) and [[Salmonella|''Salmonella spp.'']] (Hofer ''et al'', 2004). Non-infectious abortion due to foetal abnormalities has been described in miniature donkeys (Miller, 1989). Twinning is a cause of non-infectious abortion in some breeds.

'''Abortion''' has been cited as a major problem in working equines (Pearson ''et al'', 2003). Infectious causes of abortion in donkeys are similar to those reported in horses, the most commonly reported being [[Equine Herpesvirus 1|EHV-1]] (Tewari ''et al'', 1994), ''Leptospira'' (Arora and Baxi, 1978), [[Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus|''Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus'']] (Giorgi ''et al'', 1984) and [[Salmonella|''Salmonella spp.'']] (Hofer ''et al'', 2004). Non-infectious abortion due to foetal abnormalities has been described in miniature donkeys (Miller, 1989). Twinning is a cause of non-infectious abortion in some breeds.

<big>

<big>