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| − | *Longer, wider, helical spirochaetes with a linear chromosome and linear and circular plasmids
| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Borrelia species]] |
| − | *Obligate parasites transmitted by arthropod vectors
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| − | *Cause systemic infections in many animals and humans
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| − | *Slow growth in specialised culture media
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| − | [[Borrelia burgdorferi]]
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| − | ===Avian spirochaetosis===
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| − | *Caused by ''Borrelia anserina''
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| − | *Acute, endemic disease of birds in tropical and subtropical regions
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| − | *Chickens, turkeys, pheasants, ducks and geese susceptible
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| − | *Transmitted by soft ticks of the ''Argas'' family, but also via contact with infected material such as blood and tissues
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| − | *Transmitted transovarially and trans-stadially via the tick population
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| − | *Outbreaks during peak tick activity during warm, humid conditions
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| − | *Fever, anaemia and wight loss occurs, with development of paralysis later
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| − | *Immunity is serotype specific
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| − | *Diagnosis using dark-field microscopy of buffy coat smears or immunodluorescence of blood or tissues
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| − | *Giemsa-stained smears and silver impregnation of tissues
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| − | *Isolation of borreliae by inoculation of embryonated eggs or chicks
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| − | *Antibiotic treatment
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| − | *Inactivated vaccines available
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