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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Lice]]
 
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|backcolour =
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|linkpage =Insecta
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|linktext =INSECTA
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|pagetype=Bugs
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|sublink1=Parasites
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|subtext1=PARASITES
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<br>
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==Phthiraptera introduction==
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[[Image:Arthropod classifiation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Arthropod Classification - copyright nabrown RVC]]
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Lice are obligate ectoparasites of every avian and most mammalian species. They are only a few millimeters long and like [[Fleas|fleas]], are wingless but unlike [[Fleas|fleas]] are dorsoventrally flattened.
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Lice are host specific, permanent parasites which cause [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Lice|pediculosis]]. The louse saliva and faeces contain allergenic substances which cause irritation, rubbing, licking and skin damage leading to decreased host productivity.
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Mammalian lice species have a single pair of claws on the ends of stout legs, whereas avian lice species have a double claw on each leg.
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There are two main groups of veterinary importance, the mallophaga (chewing lice) and anoplura (sucking lice).
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==Mallophaga==
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''Also known as '''chewing lice''' or '''biting lice''' ''
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*Broad head
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*Thorax narrower than the head
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*Rasping mouthparts
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*Feeds on epithelial scales, scabs, feathers and other bodily debris
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*Species occur on both mammals and birds
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==Anoplura==
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[[Image:Sucking Louse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Sucking Louse ''Pediculosis humanus'' - From: Genetic Analysis of Lice Supports Direct Contact between Modern and Archaic Humans Reed DL, Smith VS, Hammond SL, Rogers AR, Clayton DH PLoS Biology Vol. 2, No. 11, e340 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020340]]
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''Also known as '''sucking lice''' ''
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*Narrow head
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*Thorax wider than the head
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*Powerful legs
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*Piercing mouthparts
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*Feed on blood and tissue fluids
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*Heavy infestations can cause anaemia
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*Species occur only on mammals
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==Life cycle==
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*The whole life cycle takes '''2-3 weeks'''
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*The louse spends its whole life on the animal
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**It can however survive for one week off the animal
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*In some species [[WikiWords#P|parthenogenesis]] can occur
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*Close contact transmission can occur
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'''1. Eggs'''
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*Known as nits
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*Cemented to hairs
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'''2. Nymphs'''
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*Nymphs hatch from the egg (no larval stage)
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*Undergoes several moults
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'''3. Adults'''
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*Females can lay up to '''10 eggs per day'''
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<big> '''[[Pediculosis]]'''
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'''[[Lice - Cattle]]
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'''[[Lice - Sheep]]
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'''[[Lice - Pigs]]
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'''[[Lice - Horses]]
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'''[[Lice - Dogs]]
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'''[[Lice - Cats]]
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'''[[Lice - Poultry]]
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'''[[Lice - Donkey]]
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'''[[Lice Flashcards]]
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</big>
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[[Category:Parasites]]
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[[Category:Lice]]
 
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