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−|linkpage =Insecta
−|linktext =INSECTA
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−|subtext1=PARASITES
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−==Phthiraptera introduction==
−[[Image:Arthropod classifiation.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Arthropod Classification - copyright nabrown RVC]]
−Lice are obligate ectoparasites of every avian and most mammalian species. They are only a few millimeters long and like [[Fleas|fleas]], are wingless but unlike [[Fleas|fleas]] are dorsoventrally flattened.
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−Lice are host specific, permanent parasites which cause [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Lice|pediculosis]]. The louse saliva and faeces contain allergenic substances which cause irritation, rubbing, licking and skin damage leading to decreased host productivity.
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−Mammalian lice species have a single pair of claws on the ends of stout legs, whereas avian lice species have a double claw on each leg.
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−There are two main groups of veterinary importance, the mallophaga (chewing lice) and anoplura (sucking lice).
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−==Mallophaga==
−''Also known as '''chewing lice''' or '''biting lice''' ''
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−*Broad head
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−*Thorax narrower than the head
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−*Rasping mouthparts
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−*Feeds on epithelial scales, scabs, feathers and other bodily debris
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−*Species occur on both mammals and birds
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−==Anoplura==
−''Also known as '''sucking lice''' ''
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−*Narrow head
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−*Thorax wider than the head
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−*Powerful legs
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−*Piercing mouthparts
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−*Feed on blood and tissue fluids
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−*Heavy infestations can cause anaemia
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−*Species occur only on mammals
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−==Life cycle==
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−*The whole life cycle takes '''2-3 weeks'''
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−*The louse spends its whole life on the animal
−**It can however survive for one week off the animal
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−*In some species [[WikiWords#P|parthenogenesis]] can occur
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−*Close contact transmission can occur
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−'''1. Eggs'''
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−*Known as nits
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−*Cemented to hairs
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−'''2. Nymphs'''
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−*Nymphs hatch from the egg (no larval stage)
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−*Undergoes several moults
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−'''3. Adults'''
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−*Females can lay up to '''10 eggs per day'''
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−<big> '''[[Pediculosis]]'''
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−'''[[Lice - Cattle]]
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−'''[[Lice - Sheep]]
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−'''[[Lice - Pigs]]
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−'''[[Lice - Horses]]
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−'''[[Lice - Dogs]]
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−'''[[Lice - Cats]]
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−'''[[Lice - Poultry]]
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−'''[[Lice - Donkey]]
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−'''[[Lice Flashcards]]
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−[[Category:Parasites]]
#REDIRECT[[:Category:Lice]]
−[[Image:Sucking Louse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Sucking Louse ''Pediculosis humanus'' - From: Genetic Analysis of Lice Supports Direct Contact between Modern and Archaic Humans Reed DL, Smith VS, Hammond SL, Rogers AR, Clayton DH PLoS Biology Vol. 2, No. 11, e340 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020340]]
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