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| − | ===Volvulus=== | + | ===[[Volvulus, Intestinal]]=== |
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| − | * A twist about the long axis of the gut.
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| − | * Generally in the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]].
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| − | * Intense congestion
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| − | ** Often almost black.
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| − | * Mostly in young animals
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| − | ** Especially calves and piglets
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| − | ** Occasionally sheep and dogs.
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| − | ** Occasionally in greater mesentery of horse.
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| − | ====Pathogenesis====
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| − | * Loop of bowel twists through 180 degrees around mesentery to produce obstruction of lumen.
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| − | * Proximal the the obstruction, the bowel becomes rapidly distended.
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| − | ** Venous return is first shut off, but the arterial supply remains.
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| − | *** Bowel becomes engorged with blood.
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| − | ** Produces rapid death.
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| − | * Bowel becomes hypoxic.[[Image:Large_colon_torsion_horse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Torsion of the large colon in the horse (Courtesy of Elspeth Milne)]]
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| − | ** Toxic material and bacteria pass through the anoxic wall of bowel.
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| − | * In piglets may see whole of [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] twisted around root of mesentery.
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| − | ** Very little can be done to resolve this** Produces rapid death
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| | ===Torsion=== | | ===Torsion=== |