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| + | *Lesion development: |
| − | ==Introduction==
| + | **Due to viral invasion of epithelium |
| − | [[Poxviridae]] infect many species and disease often '''affects the skin''', although '''systemic infections''' may also occur in which clinical signs of the disease may or may not be apparent. | + | **Vascular injury -> ischaemic necrosis |
| | + | **Stimulation of host DNA -> hyperplastic nodules |
| | + | *Cutaneous lesions: |
| | + | **[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Macule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|vesicle]] -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crust]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|scar]] |
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| − | Poxvirus infections often cause '''proliferative epithelial lesions in birds''' whereas papular and/or pustular epithelial lesions are characteristic of poxvirus-infected mammals and only in some cases do they become proliferative.
| + | [[Orf]] |
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| − | The poxviruses are the largest animal viruses which contain single, linear molecules of double-stranded DNA.
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| − | ==Skin lesion development==
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| − | Lesions develop due to '''viral invasion of the epithelium''' leading to '''vascular injury and ischaemic necrosis'''.
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| − | There is stimulation of the host DNA and the formation of '''hyperplastic nodules'''.
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| − | Skin lesions usually progress from '''papule to vesicle, to umbilicated pustule, to crust and finally to a scar'''.
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| − | ==Poxviruses with skin signs==
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| − | '''Sheep and goats'''
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| − | :[[Orf]] and [[Capripox|Sheep and goat pox]]
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| − | '''Cattle'''
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| − | :[[Bovine Papular Stomatitis]], [[Cow Pox]], Pseudocowpox, [[Lumpy Skin Disease]] and Vaccinia
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| − | '''Pigs'''
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| − | :[[Pig Pox|Swinepox]]
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| − | '''Cats'''
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| − | :[[Cow Pox]]
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| − | '''Avian species'''
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| − | :[[Fowl Pox]], Pigeon Pox and Canary Pox
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| − | '''Rabbits'''
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| − | :[[Myxomatosis]], [[Shope fibroma virus]] and [[Malignant rabbit fibroma virus]]
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| − | ==Diagnosis==
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| − | A definitive diagnosis is made '''histologically''' by observing the characteristic '''intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in epithelial cells'''.
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| − | ==References==
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| − | Quinn, P.J. (1994) '''Clinical veterinary microbiology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
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| − | Hirsh, D. (2004) '''Veterinary microbiology''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''
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| − | {{review}}
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| − | {{OpenPages}}
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| − | [[Category:Expert Review]]
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| − | [[Category:Integumentary System - Viral Infections]]
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