Changes

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Treatment may be attempted but consideration should be given before embarking on treatment of severely affected cases, as these carry a grave prognosis (e.g. recumbency, severe muscle spasms). Horses should receive as little external stimuli as possible, ideally by keeping them in a darkened, quiet stable. Administration of acetylpromazine may provide both sedation and a reduction in muscle spasm. The use of an intravenous catheter is recommended to further reduce external stimulation. Any obvious wounds should be thoroughly debrided and flushed using 1% hydrogen peroxide, and parenteral penicillin should be administered. Tetanus antitoxin may be adminstered intravenously at the onset of clinical signs.  

Treatment may be attempted but before embarking on treatment of severely affected cases, as these carry a grave prognosis (e.g. recumbency, severe muscle spasms). Horses should receive as little external stimuli as possible, ideally by keeping them in a darkened, quiet stable. Administration of acetylpromazine may provide both sedation and a reduction in muscle spasm. The use of an intravenous catheter is recommended to further reduce external stimulation. Any obvious wounds should be thoroughly debrided and flushed using 1% hydrogen peroxide, and parenteral penicillin should be administered. Tetanus antitoxin may be adminstered intravenously at the onset of clinical signs.  

** Surgical removal of dead and infected tissue from the wound.

** Surgical removal of dead and infected tissue from the wound.

*** Treatment with metronidazole decreases the number of bacteria but has no effect on the bacterial toxin.

*** Treatment with metronidazole decreases the number of bacteria but has no effect on the bacterial toxin.

*** Metronidazole is particularly active against anaerobic bacteria, and so is a good choice for use against [[Clostridium tetani|''C. tetani'']]

*** Metronidazole is particularly active against anaerobic bacteria, and so is a good choice for use against [[Clostridium tetani|''C. tetani'']]

* Muscle relaxants

* Muscle relaxants

** Diazepam

** Diazepam

* Mair, T., Love, S., Schumacher, J. and Watson, E. (1998) '''Equine Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction''' ''WB Saunders Company Ltd''  

* Mair, T., Love, S., Schumacher, J. and Watson, E. (1998) '''Equine Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction''' ''WB Saunders Company Ltd''  

   

   

* Knottenbelt, D.C. '''A Handbook of Equine Medicine for Final Year Students''' ''Liverpool University''

* Knottenbelt, D.C. '''A Handbook of Equine Medicine for Final Year Students''' ''University of Liverpool''

 

 

[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_SophieIgnarski]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_SophieIgnarski]]