Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
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Line 1: − {{review}} − {{toplink+ − |backcolour = D1EEEE − |linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology − |linktext =Cardiorespiratory System − |maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology − |pagetype =Pathology − |sublink1=Respiratory System Inflammation - Pathology − |subtext1=RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INFLAMMATION − }} − <br> − ==In general== − − *Some viruses are thought to induce modifications of the pulmonary defences by: − **Damaging the upper respiratory tract, thereby facilitating bacterial attachment and colonisation, with reduced [[Respiratory System General Introduction - Pathology#Mucociliary escalator|mucociliary clearance]] − **Decreasing surfactant levels by destroying Type 2 pneu[[Monocytes|monocytes]] − **Impairing the phagocytic ability of alveolar macrophages − − − ==In Dogs== − [[Canine Distemper Virus]] − − [[Canine Parainfluenza - 2]] − − [[Infectious Canine Tracheitis|Infectious canine tracheitis]] − − [[Canine Adenovirus 1]] − − [[Canine Adenovirus 2]] − − [[Canine Herpesvirus 1]] − − [[Canine Respiratory Coronavirus]] − − ==In Cats== − − ===[[Feline Herpesvirus 1|Feline viral rhinotracheitis]]=== − − ===[[Feline Calicivirus]]=== − − ==In Horses== − [[Image:Equine respiratory viruses concept map.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Equine respiratory viruses Concept Map (Courtesy of B. Stanikova)</center></small>]] − − ===[[Equine rhinovirus]]=== − − ===[[Equine Influenza|Equine influenza]]=== − − ===[[Equine Rhinopneumonitis]] === − − − ===[[Equine Viral Arteritis]]=== − − − ===[[Equine Adenovirus]]=== − − − ===[[African Horse Sickness]]=== − − ===[[Hendra Virus]]=== − − ==In Cattle== − − ===[[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)]]=== − − − ===[[Bovine Parainfluenza - 3]]=== − − − − ===[[Bovine adenovirus]]=== − − ===[[Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus]]=== − − − − ===[[Bovine rhinovirus]]=== − − ==In Sheep== − − ===[[Maedi - Visna]]=== − − − − ===Parainfluenza -3=== − − *As in [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Parainfluenza- 3|cattle]] − − − ===[[Sheep Pulmonary Adenomatosis]]=== − − *See [[Lungs Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (SPA/ Jaagsiekte)|neoplasia]] − − ==In Goats== − − ===Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE)=== − − *Caused by [[Retroviridae|retrovirus (lentivirus)]] similar to [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Maedi Visna|Maedi Visna]] in sheep described above − *Two forms: − **Non-suppurative leukoencephalomyelitis in young goats and kids − **Chronic, non-suppurative arthritis-synovitis in adult goats − *Also causes [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Interstitial pneumonia|interstitial pneumonia]] which tends to be obscured by other clinical signs − *Gross pathology: − **Mainly caudal lobes − **Lungs are firm, grey-pink with grey-white focal lesions on cut surface − *Micro pathology: − **Thickened alveolar wall − **Lymphocyte infiltration and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia − *Can be confused with or coexisting with [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Verminous pneumonia|Parasitic pneumonia]] − − − ==In Pigs== − − ===Inclusion body rhinitis=== − [[Image:Inclusion body rhinitis.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Inclusion body rhinitis (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] − − *[[Herpesviridae|'''Herpesviridae, porcine cytomegalovirus''']] − *Disease of suckling piglets 1-5 wks of age − *Clinical signs: those associated with acute/subacute [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]] (ie: serous nasal discharge, progressing to catarrhal or purulent discharge with time and secondary bacterial infections; sneezing; pyrexia), fever in young piglets (3-8wks old) − *May progress to [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology#Sinusitis|sinusitis]], otitis media or [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] − *Morbitity high, mortality low − *Gross pathology - catarrhal discharge becoming purulent (secondary infection) − *Histology: − **Large basophilic [[Degenerations and Infiltrations - Pathology#Cellular Inclusions|intranuclear inclusion bodies]] in the surface and subepithelium of nasal and sinus glandular epithelium with lymphocytic infiltration of the mucosa − **Bursting of nucleus with cell necrosis and sloughing of necrotic epithelium − *Can develop viraemic stage, with inclusions and focal necrotising lesions in other organs eg: renal tubular epithelium − **Usually younger piglets, can die during this phase − *Usually resolves if uncomplicated but rhinitis may persist if secondary infection is present − *May persist in pulmonary macrophages − − − ===[[Swine Influenza|Swine influenza]]=== − − ===Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome=== − − *The syndrome is caused by a small enveloped RNA virus which belongs to the new [[Arteriviridae|Arteriviridae]] group − *Replicates in and destroys macrophages and endothelial cells causing vasculitis -> viraemia -> virus shedding (nasal secretions, faeces) − *Clinical signs: respiratory and reproductive failure, weaned pigs, tachypnoea, eyelid oedema, conjunctivitis − *Moderate to severe interstitial [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] in the cranial lobe − *Superimposed bacterial infections are common − *Infectious disease in swine that emerged 10 years ago − *Today, PRRS is endemic in many if not all the pig-producing countries − − − ===Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)=== − − *Caused by a [[Circoviridae|porcine circovirus]] alone or in combination with [[Parvoviridae|porcine parvovirus]] − *May cause mild [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Interstitial pneumonia|interstitial pneumonia]], failure of lungs to collpse on opening the thoracic cavity − *Microscopically: thickening of alveolar wall due to type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia − − − ===[[Porcine respiratory coronavirus]]===
moved Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology to Respiratory Viral Infections
#REDIRECT[[:Category:Respiratory Viral Infections]]