Changes

**Gastric ulcers have adversely affected physiological indices of performance in horses.<ref>Nieto, J.E, Snyder, J.R, Vatistas, N.J, Jones, J.H (2009) Effect of gastric ulceration on physiologic responses to exercise in horses.  ''Am J Vet Res'', 70(6):787-95.</ref>

**Gastric ulcers have adversely affected physiological indices of performance in horses.<ref>Nieto, J.E, Snyder, J.R, Vatistas, N.J, Jones, J.H (2009) Effect of gastric ulceration on physiologic responses to exercise in horses.  ''Am J Vet Res'', 70(6):787-95.</ref>

(Murray 1992, 1994b; Vatistas et al. 1999a; Sandin e t al. 2000).(Jonssen 2006)

(Murray 1992, 1994b; Vatistas et al. 1999a; Sandin e t al. 2000).(Jonssen 2006)

Neonatal foals

Neonatal foals

5 syndromes in foals: silent, active with clinical signs, perforated, gastric  and duodenal stenosis, general malaise and low  grade colic

Sucklings and weanlings (Sanchez)

Off suck or partially off suck

Poor appetite (off suck or partially off suck)

Bruxism (almost pathognomonic), excessive salivation (top ddx), chewing straw

Bruxism (almost pathognomonic)

Chewing straw

Dorsal recumbency

Dorsal recumbency

 

Failure to thrive

Ptyalism (top DDx, secondary to gastric outflow obstruction and gastroesophageal reflux, DDx esophageal obstruction and Candida infection (Merck))

Diarrhoea

Diarrhoea

Foals with outflow obstruction will develop reflux after suckling or marked reflux even with limited to no suckling if the duodenal obstruction is distal to the common bile duct. (Sanchez)

Gastrooesophageal reflux after suckling (in foals with outflow obstruction, marked reflux may be seen even with limited to no suckling if the duodenal obstruction is distal to the common bile duct.) (Sanchez)

 

(EGUC)

Most foals with gastric ulcers do not exhibit clinical signs. Clinical signs become apparent when the ulceration is widespread or severe. The classic clinical signs for gastric ulcers in foals include diarrhea, bruxism, poor nursing, dorsal recumbency, and ptyalism. None of these signs is specific for gastric ulcers. In fact, ptyalism is a sign of esophagitis, which in most foals is secondary to gastric outflow obstruction and gastroesophageal reflux. Other causes, including esophageal obstruction and Candida infection, should be considered. Importantly, when a foal exhibits clinical signs, the ulcers are severe and should be diagnosed and treated immediately. Sudden gastric perforation without prior signs occurs sporadically in foals. Adult horses with ulcers display nonspecific signs that can include abdominal discomfort (colic), poor appetite, mild weight loss, poor body condition, and attitude changes.

5 syndromes in foals: silent, active with clinical signs, perforated, gastric and duodenal stenosis, general malaise and low grade colic

Sudden gastric perforation without prior signs occurs sporadically in foals.(Merck)

Complications related to gastric ulcers are most frequent and severe in foals and include perforation, delayed gastric emptying, gastroesophageal reflux and esophagitis, and megaesophagus secondary to chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Ulcers in the proximal duodenum or at the pylorus can cause fibrosis and stricture. The latter complication is seen in both foals and adult horses. In rare cases, severe gastric ulceration causes fibrosis and contracture of the stomach. (Merck)

Complications related to gastric ulcers are most frequent and severe in foals and include perforation, delayed gastric emptying, gastroesophageal reflux and esophagitis, and megaesophagus secondary to chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Ulcers in the proximal duodenum or at the pylorus can cause fibrosis and stricture. The latter complication is seen in both foals and adult horses. In rare cases, severe gastric ulceration causes fibrosis and contracture of the stomach. (Merck)