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In herbivores, the disease commonly presents as a peracute onset septicaemia with a high mortality rate. In dogs, humans, horses and pigs the onset is less acute.  

In herbivores, the disease commonly presents as a peracute onset septicaemia with a high mortality rate. In dogs, humans, horses and pigs the onset is less acute.  

There are three main forms of the disease; gastrointestinal, pulmonary or cutaneous.

There are three main forms of the disease; gastrointestinal, pulmonary or cutaneous.

===Clinical signs===

===Clinical signs===

* Subcutaneous oedematous swellings

* Subcutaneous oedematous swellings

* Congested mucous membranes and petechiae

* Congested mucous membranes and petechiae

===Pigs===

===Pigs===

Pigs are relatively resistant to anthrax and the disease often has a more chronic course affecting the oropharyngeal region.  The disease often begins as an oedematous cellulitis of the the neck, head and regional lymph nodes. This may cause death by asphyxia.

Pigs are relatively resistant to anthrax. The disease in pigs has two manifestations- the pharyngeal and intestinal forms.  The pharyngeal disease is linked with scavenging or purposeful feeding of infected carcasses and often begins as an oedematous cellulitis of the the neck, head and regional lymph nodes. This may cause death by asphyxia. The intestinal form is thought to be associated with contaminated mineral supplements, and may produce less obvious clinical signs including diarrhoea, lethargy and anorexia.

Dogs are rarely affected, but develop a similar disease to that found in pigs.  

Dogs are rarely affected, but develop a similar disease to that found in pigs.